Physicochemical factors responsible for the low quality of natural waters of the Khibiny Massif

Abstract

Another distinguishing feature of the Khibiny Mas sif is its location: rising predominant by almost 1000 m over its surrounding hilly country, it is a natural obsta cle in the way of air masses and, therefore, is a territory of moisture condensation, which is a source of surface water and groundwater. In the Khibiny, precipitation is 500–700 mm in valleys and to 1465 mm on plateaus. The problem of using Khibiny Massif waters for potable and domestic water supply is its off spec Al and F contents and pH values.