Physicochemical, cytotoxicity, and biological properties of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: A literature review

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the main calcium silicate-based root canal sealers (bioceramic-based root canal sealers) currently used in endodontic field as well as their specific characteristics and to compare with other conventional sealers. A review of the literature was made to evaluate numerous investigations covering different properties of these materials. The properties of interest were physical properties, bond strength, pH, radiopacity, solubility, setting and working time, dimensional changes, flow, calcium ion release, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, sealing ability, adhesion, and cytotoxicity. The outcome of these studies of bioceramic-based sealers revealed favorable biological and physicochemical properties along with comparative investigations of other agents. It was concluded that bioceramic-based sealers, in spite of drawbacks of some, were found to be attractive due to their bioactivity, dimensional stability, and acceptable physicochemical properties in comparison with other conventional sealers.