Abstract
This paper aims to determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Fez-Meknes free water table thought the monitoring of the physicochemical analyses of nine samples during the year of 2013, 2016, and 2019. This water table, which circulates in the plio-quaternary formations, is generally supplied by rainfall infiltration, irrigation water returns and also the lateral inflow of the unconfined liasic water table of the Middle Atlas Tabular. Analyses were performed for electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH), temperature and major elements: Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3⁻, K+. The results of the projection of the samples on the Piper diagram for the three companies showed a hydrochemical carbonate, calcic and magnesian facies for the majority of the samples with the exception of samples 1161/15 and 352/21 for the year 2013. Then, to understand the origin of the mineralization, as well as the processes related to the dissolution of the carbonate country rock, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed.
Highlights
Groundwater is an essential resource of continental freshwater
Among the cations (NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ et Mn2+) studied during 2013, 2016, and 2019 in the free groundwater, Ca2+ ions are the most abundant in these waters, followed by Mg2+ ions, as for the anions we find that HCO3- ions are the most important in this category, followed by Cl- ions
The graphical representation of the results on the Piper’s diagram, allows us to distinguish a single family of waters in all the drillings from the hydrochemical point of view
Summary
Groundwater is an essential resource of continental freshwater. It is a limited, fragile, and precious resource essential to the various uses (agricultural, domestic, industrial-commercial, and energy) whose man is responsible for deteriorating their qualities [1]. Morocco is one of the countries suffering from chronic water stress [2]. This nomination sets off alarm bells, according to presential assessments carried out by the World Bank since 1994. It is inspired by the fact that the country suffers from long periods of drought. It appears essential to monitor the treatment of groundwater resources to predict the evolution of their quality systematically [3]
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