Abstract
The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increase from 1.94 μg/g to 2.33 μg/g for olive oil fresh/fried pair and from 3.43 μg/g to 4.10 μg/g for rapeseed–palm oil fresh/fried pair. The studies addressing the soap biodegradation process revealed that soaps are degrading up to four times faster than oils in waste processing plants. Literature data showed the syntrophic ways of soap degradation and degradation solely done by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Obtained results, same as literature data, indicated that soaps produced from fried plant oils represent acceptable products from the economic and environmental point of view. Soap production can be considered one of the possible ways toward reduction of waste oil disposal.
Highlights
Together with the World population growth, the amount of generated waste is increasing [1]
The experimentally produced soaps were evaluated by chemical parameters, including pH, dry matter, total alkali, total fat and malondialdehyde (MDA) content
Our results emphasize issues concerning the disposal of used frying oil, mainly accumulated by culinary preparations in homes and restaurants
Summary
Together with the World population growth, the amount of generated waste is increasing [1]. It is estimated that the world’s food industry, restaurants and households together produce about 200 million tons of this waste annually with an increasing trend [3,4]. According to Greenea (2018), in European Union countries, 51% of produced waste frying oil comes from households, of which only a few percent have been collected and recycled [5]. This improper disposal creates big environmental problems, which, as a consequence, have clogging in the drainage systems, negative impact on wildlife, production of toxic substances and rancid odors [6,7]
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