Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Fruits Species for Potential Use in Food Applications.

Abolfazl Alirezalu,Jose M Lorenzo,Kazem Alirezalu,Amin Mousavi Khaneghah,Nima Ahmadi,Peyman Salehi,Francisco J Barba,Ali Sonboli,Paulo E.S Munekata

doi:10.3390/foods9040436

Abstract

Hawthorn belongs to the Crataegus genus of the Rosaceae family and is an important medicinal plant. Due to its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity hawthorn has recently become quite a popular herbal medicine in phytotherapy and food applications. In this study, physicochemical characterization (color parameters, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, soluble carbohydrate, total carotenoid, total phenols, and flavonoid contents), antioxidant activity (by ferric-reducing antioxidant power, FRAP assay), and quantification of some individual phenolic compounds of fruits of 15 samples of different hawthorn species (Crataegus spp.) collected from different regions of Iran were investigated. According to findings, the total phenols, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were in the range of 21.19–69.12 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (dw), 2.44–6.08 mg quercetin equivalent (QUE)/g dw and 0.32–1.84 mmol Fe++/g dw, respectively. Hyperoside (0.87–2.94 mg/g dw), chlorogenic acid (0.06–1.16 mg/g dw), and isoquercetin (0.24–1.59 mg/g dw) were found to be the most abundant phenolic compounds in the extracts of hawthorn fruits. The considerable variations in the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of hawthorn species were demonstrated by our results. Hence, the evaluation of hawthorn genetic resources could supply precious data for screening genotypes with high bioactive contents for producing natural antioxidants and other phytochemical compounds valuable for food and pharma industries.

Highlights

Hawthorn berry (Crataegus L.) is a genus of over 1000 species, belonging to the subfamily Maloideae in the Rosaceae family, widely distributed in Asia and Europe [1]
The samples were transferred to the laboratory and physicochemical characteristics were measured in the shortest time possible
The present study showed that total and individual phenolic compounds are the the main contributor to the antioxidant activity of hawthorn fruits, which can be influenced by main contributor to the antioxidant activity of hawthorn fruits, which can be influenced by the the variation of fruits species

Summary

Introduction

Hawthorn berry (Crataegus L.) is a genus of over 1000 species, belonging to the subfamily Maloideae in the Rosaceae family, widely distributed in Asia and Europe [1]. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds have been investigated among various commercial food products such as lamb burgers [6,7], frankfurter-type sausages [8], and pig liver pâté [9]. Polyphenols, bioflavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, triterpenoids, oligomeric procyanidins, antioxidants, vitamins, tannins, organic acids, and some phenolic acids are the main active constituents of the Crataegus species [10,11,12]. The fruits of different Crataegus species could be considered as a rich source of antioxidants, due to their high phenolic compositions and some well-known antioxidant compounds namely, hyperoside, isoquercetin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin, and protocatechuic acids [13,14,15]

Methods

Results

Conclusion