Abstract
Objective. To characterize the topographic and chemical properties of 2 bioceramic coated plateau root form implant surfaces and evaluate their histomorphometric differences at 6 and 12 weeks in vivo. Methods. Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (PSHA) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), interferometry (IFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Implants were placed in the radius epiphysis, and the right limb of dogs provided implants that remained for 6 weeks, and the left limb provided implants that remained 12 weeks in vivo. Thin sections were prepared for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone-area-fraction occupancy (BAFO) measurements (evaluated by Friedman analysis P < 0.05). Results. Significantly, higher Sa (P < 0.03) and Sq (P < 0.02) were observed for ACP relative to PSHA. Chemical analysis revealed significantly higher HA, calcium phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate for the PSHA surface. BIC and BAFO measurements showed no differences between surfaces. Lamellar bone formation in close contact with implant surfaces and within the healing chambers was observed for both groups. Conclusion. Given topographical and chemical differences between PSHA and ACP surfaces, bone morphology and histomorphometric evaluated parameters showed that both surfaces were osseoconductive in plateau root form implants.
Highlights
Most common approaches for dental implant surface modifications involve physically altering the topography or changes in the chemical composition of the surface with the incorporation of inorganic phases [1]
Implant macrogeometry resulting in intimate contact with bone, a typical scenario in screw root form implants, has shown appositional bone healing along with extensive remodelation occurring before lamellar bone formation [11, 12]
The Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (PSHA) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) implant surfaces’ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, as well as their representative 100 μm × 100 μm IFM three-dimensional reconstructions are presented in Figures 1 and 2, respectively
Summary
Most common approaches for dental implant surface modifications involve physically altering the topography or changes in the chemical composition of the surface with the incorporation of inorganic phases [1]. Implant macrogeometry resulting in intimate contact with bone, a typical scenario in screw root form implants, has shown appositional bone healing along with extensive remodelation occurring before lamellar bone formation [11, 12]. The stabilization of the implant device with the tip of the plateaus allowing for formation of healing chambers that are filled with blood clot followed by the formation of woven bone and its replacement with lamellar bone results in a intramembranous healing mode (instead of appositional), commonly observed in plateau root form implants [13,14,15]
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