Abstract
Some physicochemical parameters related to groundwater quality obtained from Yola Area of Northeastern Nigeria was investigated for the purpose of drinking and irrigation. An attempt was also made to develop linear regression equations to predict the concentration of water quality having significant correlation coefficients with electrical conductivity (EC). The TDS and EC has perfect correlation coefficients whereas Na+ and Cl-, are highly correlated in all the water sources. Furthermore while Ca2+ and HCO3 - are highly correlated in both the shallow and deep groundwater they have relatively lower correlation coefficients in the surface water samples. It was equally observed that Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3 -, Cl- and Fe are highly correlated with EC in surface water samples. The data also indicated that apart from surface water bodies Ca2+, NO3 -, Cl- and HCO3 - are poorly related with electrical conductivity at 5% level of significance. These data has shown that linear regression equations can be applied in predicting groundwater quality in any location.
Highlights
Groundwater quality is analyzed for its physical, chemical and biological parameters which are closely interlinked
The minimum and maximum concentration ie the range of the different physico-chemical parameters of water quality constituents such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, Total Hardness, Fe, Ca2+, Mg2+, K2+, Na+, HCO3,Cl, NO3- and different water quality indices including Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual sodium Bicarbonate (RSBC) Permeability Index(PI), Total Hardness (TH), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) and Kellys Ratio (KR) in Yola Area for irrigation purposes are given in tables 2 to 7 along with the mean and standard deviation of each parameter
It was evident that the distribution of hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, nitrate and sulphate were largely poorly correlated (r
Summary
Groundwater quality is analyzed for its physical, chemical and biological parameters which are closely interlinked. All the research work so far carried out on groundwater quality in different parts of Nigeria is largely based on physicochemical parameters. No attempt has as yet been made to predict the groundwater quality of the study area with precision using any econometric analysis except depicting the correlation coefficient of different water quality parameters (Yenika et al 2003). A few number of research are available regarding the analysis of groundwater quality data using regression techniques for prediction purposes in different parts of India and Bangladesh ( Kumar et al 1994; Rao and Rao 1994; Jain and Sharma 1997; Jain and Sharma 2000 and Joarder et al 2008). The northern boundary is demarcated by Gokra town and the southern boundary by the Mandarare town and occupies approximately 431km of the land surface
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