Abstract
The in vitro study objectives were to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg) incorporation in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its physical and chemical properties including F/Arg release. Six experimental formulations were prepared with L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride at 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v in a 5% NaF varnish, which served as a control. The varnishes were subjected to assessments for adhesion, viscosity, and NaF extraction. Molecular dynamics were simulated to identify post-dynamics total energy for NaF=Arg/Arg>NaF/Arg<NaF concentrations. The Arg/F varnish release profiles were determined in polyacrylic lactate buffer (pH-4.5; 7 days) and artificial saliva (pH-7; 1 h, 24 h, and 12 weeks). Incorporation of L-Arg in NaF varnish significantly influences physical properties ameliorating retention (p < 0.001). L-Arg in NaF varnish institutes the Arg-F complex. Molecular dynamics suggests that NaF>Arg concentration denotes the stabilized environment compared to NaF<Arg (p < 0.001). The 2% Arg-NaF exhibits periodic perennial Arg/F release and shows significantly higher integrated mean F release than NaF (p < 0.001). Incorporating 2% L-arginine in 5% NaF varnish improves its physical properties and renders a stable matrix with enduring higher F/Arg release than control.
Highlights
Dental caries is a biofilm-dysbiosis triggered chronic disease of dental calcified tissues
Dental caries is caused by persistent fermentable carbohydrates glycolysis and pathogenic biofilm shift leading to cavitation of hard tissues by a biofilm acidic environment [3,4]
The long-established evidence on the role of fluorides (F) in caries prevention suggests that non-professional intervention with regular use of fluoridated dentifrices aids in preventing caries, which is dependent on fluoride concentrations [5]
Summary
Dental caries is a biofilm-dysbiosis triggered chronic disease of dental calcified tissues. Burden of Disease Study in 2016 has estimated that 2.4 billion people worldwide suffer from untreated caries of permanent teeth [1,2]. 486 million children are reckoned to have caries in their primary teeth [1,2]. To alleviate the global burden of dental caries, strategies impeding biofilm-dysbiosis are indicated to serve as an essential primary preventive regimen. To supplement low levels of F in oral fluids by oral care therapies, professional application of F-containing varnishes are recommended for high caries-risk patients as it adheres to the tooth surface for a prolonged period and serve as a
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