Abstract
Apple plays an important role in human health. The unripe apples, after physiological falls and the agricultural operation "regulation of the fruit load", are not used for food. The use of agricultural organic waste is a current problem. In the presented paper was approached the possibility of valorification on these unripe fruits to obtain natural products. Were studied the unripe apples of 4 varieties: Coredana, Golden Rezistent, Rewena and Reglindis. The fruits were harvested during development at 45th, 58th, 71st, 84th and 97th days after the full bloom. It was determined physico-chemical indices in fruits extracts. During the ripening of fruits, the diameter and mass increased continuously, the moisture content does not change significantly, but the pH values of the apple pulp increased nonessential. Dry matter content and total sugar increased considerably as the fruits were growing. There are unexpected increases in dry matter around the 84th day after the full bloom. The acidity decreased during the fruit development. Sensory evaluation was also effectuated. The results obtained provide informations regarding the optimal use of the unripe apple varieties researched in order to process and obtain different products (especially natural acidifiers).
Highlights
Apple is rich in organic acids, sugars, minerals and other nutrients, which play an important role in human health and one of the most important elements in the diet
The results obtained for the 4 apple varieties demonstrate that, in order to obtain the acidifiers, the unripe apples must contain dry metter substances with values between 6.3°Brix to 12.8°Brix. In this phase they accumulate carbohydrates 3.45% - 11.18%, have a titratable acidity from 1.20% to 2.95% and pH values from 2.20 to 3.45, and the sugar / acidity index will be between values 2.27 and 10.67
The fruits were harvested during ripening period at 45th, 58th, 71st, 84th and 97th days after the full bloom phenophase
Summary
Apple is rich in organic acids, sugars, minerals and other nutrients, which play an important role in human health and one of the most important elements in the diet. These are the most demanded fruit by the Moldovan population and are eaten both fresh and processed. Due to their technological characteristics, they are raw material with a considerable share in the food industry. From a chemical point of view, they contain on average: 84 - 93% water, 0.3% ash, 8.30% reducing sugars, 1.60 - 4% sucrose, 0.90 - 1.70% cellulose, 0 , 50% pentosan, 0.40% lignin, 0.20% free acids, 0.60% combined acids, 0.4% pectin. The total area of orchards in our country reaches about 57 thousand ha, being cultivated about 40 varieties of apples, and apple production is estimated at about 611 thousand tons per year (Figure 1) [4]
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