Abstract
This study aims to provide information about the drinking water quality of two streams in Chakarkote Sai and Demote Sai and two rivers in Gilgit and Hunza. Parameters were tested including physical, and chemical. The physical parameters were temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia (NH4),total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and reactive orthophosphate (PO4). The ranges of these parameters set by WHO and NEQs, as most of the Asian countries also follow the WHO standards. All the samples were tested in the EPA certified laboratory of biological sciences department Karakorum international university Gilgit Baltistan. The minimum and maximum values of temperature 15.2-18.4, PH 6.78-6.09, EC 109.3-297 µS, TDS 53.8-149 ppm, Turbidity 0.29-88.4 NTU, DO 7.1-8.9 mg/l, TN 5.63-7.13 mg/l, NH4 0.0106-0.0151 mg/l, TP 0.042-0.143mg/l, and PO4 0.0059-0.016 mg/l. Independent T test was applied separately for both streams and rivers to determine significant difference of water properties with respect to location wise. Water parameters like DO and TP were significantly, while temperature, PH, EC, TDS, turbidity, TN, NH4, PO4 were non-significant in streams and TDS, turbidity, DO and TN were significant, while temperature, PH, EC, NH4, TP, PO4 were non-significant in rivers according to area wise.
Highlights
Fresh water is the basic requirement for both humans and biodiversity [1]
Many of the freshwater sources are contaminated by use of pesticides in agricultural fields and other anthropogenic activities that completely altered the physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with water resources [19, 20].Water borne diseases like diarrhea, Cholera, Typhoid and Hepatitis are endemic in this area and due to the presence of pathogenic organisms in drinking water [21]
2.1 Study Area: The research was conducted in the Gilgit in Chakarkote Sai stream (CSS) and Damote Sai stream (DSS), Gilgit River (GR) and Hunza River (HR)
Summary
Fresh water is the basic requirement for both humans and biodiversity [1]. Water is used for different purposes like domestic and agricultural use [2, 3]. Population increase has a great impact on the contamination of clean drinking water due to. 02 (2017) 9-15 increase in agricultural practices, grazing of domestic animals around the streams and other anthropogenic activities [6, 7].The health effects of chemical contaminants have long term exposures and cause adverse effects [8]. Many of the freshwater sources are contaminated by use of pesticides in agricultural fields and other anthropogenic activities that completely altered the physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with water resources [19, 20].Water borne diseases like diarrhea, Cholera, Typhoid and Hepatitis are endemic in this area and due to the presence of pathogenic organisms in drinking water [21]. The samples were tested and compared with the National environmental quality standards (NEQs) of Pakistan
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
