Physicochemical and phytochemical standardization, and antibacterial evaluation of Cassia alata leaves from different locations in Indonesia

Marissa Angelina,Nusaibah Muthiah,Sukirno Sukirno,Rizna Triana Dewi,Sofa Fajriah,Indah D Dewijanti,Ainul Mardhiyah,Jamilah Jamilah,Sri Hartati,Yasmin Ekapratiwi

doi:10.3897/pharmacia.68.e76835

Abstract

Physicochemical analysis for simplicia and extract, respectively: water content 2.12–4% for simplicia; drying losses 3.93–5.47% and 8.51–19.76%; total ash 5.14–9.41% and 6.22–17.07%; total ash acid-insoluble content 0.29–5.41% and 0.52–3.82%; total ash water-soluble content 1.26–7.14% and 1.43–8.54%; water-soluble content 19.60–39.43% and 58.45–77.51%; ethanol-soluble content 13.99–33.76% and 59.79–75.39%. The phytochemical analysis showed that the extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Total flavonoids and total phenolics content were 9.86–15.74% QE/g and 6.67–7.65% GAE/g, respectively. Based on LC-MS results, the extract contained emodin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3,7-diglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The extracts possessed antibacterial activity against bacteria tested.

Highlights

Cassia alata (synonym: Senna alata (L.) Roxb.), is a herb plant from the Fabaceae family, found in intertropical areas
In Indonesia, Cassia alata commonly known as ketepeng cina, but has several local names, such as ketepeng kebo (Java), ketepeng badak (Sunda), acon-aconan (Madura), sajamera (Halmahera), kupang-kupang (Ternate), tabankun (Tidore), daun kupang, daun kurapan, and gelinggang (Sumatra) (Asmah et al 2020)
Several studies have been reported the pharmacological activities of Cassia alata leaf extract, such as antibacterial (Ibrahim and Osman 1995), antifungal

Summary

Introduction

Cassia alata (synonym: Senna alata (L.) Roxb.), is a herb plant from the Fabaceae family, found in intertropical areas. Several studies have been reported the pharmacological activities of Cassia alata leaf extract, such as antibacterial (Ibrahim and Osman 1995), antifungal Non-specific parameters are not directly related to pharmacological activity but can affect the safety and stability aspects of the resulting extract or preparation, include ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble ash content, water content, bacterial contaminants, mold and yeast contaminants and heavy metal contaminants. In the view of this background, the aims of our studies were to investigate and determine the physicochemical and phytochemical contents supplemented with data on marker compound and the antibacterial activity C. alata leaf obtained in four locations in Indonesia for further standardization of its usage as herbal medicine raw materials

Materials and methods

Results and discussion

Conclusion