Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable plants in the world used in cooking foods. In Ghana, at peak seasons of harvesting tomato, high postharvest loses are incurred because of the absence of industrial tomato processing facilities for value addition into other convenient forms to extend shelf-life. Solar drying is a more efficient and low cost method of enhancing the quality and adding value to tomato. This study was carried out to design a natural mixed mode solar dryer suitable for drying tomato and to investigate the quality characteristics of the dried products. Fresh tomatoes were pre-treated with: a) 1% potassium metabisulfite solution; b) 1 % ascorbic acid solution; and c) used untreated as control. Pre-treated tomatoes were dried for three days on the average till there was no significant change in the final moisture content. Open-sun drying was used as a control for comparison purposes. The final moisture content for pre-treated solar dried and sun-dried tomato was 14 - 15 % and 19 - 22 %, respectively. The ash content was higher in the sun-dried samples compared to the solar dried samples, an indication of contamination with extraneous materials from the environment. Sulfur dioxide content of 740.8 mg/Kg d.w., for solar dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite was much lower than the maximum legal limit of 2000 mg/Kg d.w., of sulfur dioxide recommended in fruits. Solar and sun-dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite had significantly higher carotenoids, lycopene and beta carotene contents than pre-treated samples, and the controls. The quality of pre-treated solar-dried tomato was better enhanced by the use of the solar dryer compared to sun-drying.
Highlights
Ghana consumes about 25,000 tonnes of tomatoes per annum worth $25 million and is currently ranked the world’s second highest country in canned tomato importation (Aryeetey, 2006)
Sulfur dioxide content of 740.8 mg/Kg d.w., for solar dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite was much lower than the maximum legal limit of 2000 mg/Kg d.w., of sulfur dioxide recommended in fruits
The relative humidity of ambient air was consistently higher than that of the solar dryer during drying and as such moisture was readily absorbed by tomato at a faster rate from the surrounding ambient air than that of a more controlled environment created within the solar dryer
Summary
Ghana consumes about 25,000 tonnes of tomatoes per annum worth $25 million and is currently ranked the world’s second highest country in canned tomato importation (Aryeetey, 2006). Improving domestic tomato processing would help to minimize the over dependence on canned tomato imports, offer employment opportunities to the youth (Owureku-Asare et al, 2013) and reduce the high post-harvest losses during the peak season as well as strengthen the tomato value chain. Processing technologies, such as drying, have the potential to help farmers preserve agricultural produce and distribute them to markets, even in other countries (Jon & King, 2008). It is associated with high microbial loads in the products due to slow drying rates of http://jfr.ccsenet.org
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