Physicochemical and Microstructural Characterization of Injectable Load-Bearing Calcium Phosphate Scaffold

Mazen Alshaaer,Mohammed H Kailani,Nidaa Ababneh,Hanan Jafar,Abdalla Awidi

doi:10.1155/2013/149261

Mazen Alshaaer, Mohammed H Kailani + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/149261

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Abstract

Injectable load-bearing calcium phosphate scaffolds are synthesized using rod-like mannitol grains as porogen. These degradable injectable strong porous scaffolds, prepared by calcium phosphate cement, could represent a valid solution to achieve adequate porosity requirements while providing adequate support in load-bearing applications. The proposed process for preparing porous injectable scaffolds is as quick and versatile as conventional technologies. Using this method, porous CDHA-based calcium phosphate scaffolds with macropores sizes ranging from 70 to 300 μm, micropores ranging from 5 to 30 μm, and 30% open macroporosity were prepared. The setting time of the prepared scaffolds was 15 minutes. Also their compressive strength and e-modulus, 4.9 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively, were comparable with those of the cancellous bone. Finally, the bioactivity of the scaffolds was confirmed by cell growth with cytoplasmic extensions in the scaffolds in culture, demonstrating that the scaffold has a potential for MSC seeding and growth architecture. This combination of an interconnected macroporous structure with pore size suitable for the promotion of cell seeding and proliferation, plus adequate mechanical features, represents a porous scaffold which is a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.

Highlights

Bone defects arise from skeletal diseases, congenital malformations, trauma, and tumor resection [1, 2]
The analysis of the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) diffraction peaks (Figure 1 lower pattern) revealed that the TTCP was formed as the main phase of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) powder by firing the and calcium mixture of pyrocalcium phosphate carbonate (CaCO3) at 1500∘C for 5 (Ca2P2O7) h, followed by quenching in air
This CPC powder contained a few peaks corresponding to HA

Summary

Introduction

Bone defects arise from skeletal diseases, congenital malformations, trauma, and tumor resection [1, 2]. Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds mimic the bone mineral and can bond to bone to form a functional interface [13,14,15,16]. Calcium phosphate cements can be injected or sculpted and set in situ to form a scaffold with intimate adaptation to the neighboring bone [17,18,19,20,21]. Due to its similarity to the mineral phase of the bone, good biocompatibility, excellent bioactivity, selfsetting characteristics, low setting temperature, adequate stiffness, and easy shaping in complicated geometrics, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is regarded as a promising material for use in minimally invasive surgery to repair bone defects [22,23,24,25]. A major disadvantage of current orthopedic implants is that they are hard, requiring the surgeon to fit the surgical site around the implant or to carve the graft

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