Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the most vital sectors in Bangladesh as it exhibits a major role in nutrition, livelihoods and foreign exchange incomes/earnings every year. However, due to chemical impurities, infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, heavy metal accumulation, and aquaculture in Bangladesh is gradually declining and posing serious health risks. In Savar, which is one of the major industrial zones in Bangladesh, all industrial sewage and wastes severely deteriorate the water quality of the ponds, rivers, lakes and various waterways that are involved in aquaculture/fish culture. Hence, to determine the water quality by assessing different physicochemical and microbiological parameters, water samples were collected from five selected ponds located in Atomic Energy Research Establishment premises, Savar, Dhaka and analyzed according to the standard procedures. The obtained values of temperature, pH, Salinity, TDS, TA, EC, TH, Chloride content, Free CO2, DO, Nitrate and Sulfate were compared with the recommended values of Bangladesh and WHO standard for suitable water quality. Most of the physicochemical parameters exceeded the Standard value. Total Viable Count, Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform Count were also found to be higher than the standard value of WHO indicating fecal contamination of the pond water. Some fish pathogens were also isolated from the ponds. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated for five sampling sites to determine the level of pollution. It was observed that the water quality of the all the ponds reached to critical point of pollution. It is therefore, a high time to take initiatives to save the ponds that are involved in aquaculture from further pollution. The results revealed that the pond waters of five different sites were excessively polluted and unsuitable for fish culture.
Highlights
Bangladesh is one of the resourceful countries with its extensive range of aquatic bio-diversities and world's leading inland fisheries
Water samples were collected from the five selected ponds situated in Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) premises, Savar, Dhaka and water quality assessment was done by analyzing different physicochemical and microbiological parameters according to the standard procedures
The acquired values for pH, temperature, salinity, total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chloride content, free CO2, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate ion and sulfate ion were compared with the recommended standard values of Bangladesh and World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for suitable water quality
Summary
Bangladesh is one of the resourceful countries with its extensive range of aquatic bio-diversities and world's leading inland fisheries. It has huge water resources all over the country in the form of small ponds, ditches, lakes, canals, small and large rivers, and estuaries covering about 4.34 million hectares (1). Aquaculture and fisheries in Bangladesh are the most important potential sectors of the national economy, accounting to 3.69% of national GDP, 23.12% of agricultural GDP and 2.09% of foreign export earnings (2). The total fish production in Bangladesh in the fiscal year 2013-14 was estimated as 3.55 million tons, of which 1.96 million tons (55.15%) were obtained from inland aquaculture, 0.99 million tons (28.07%) from capture fisheries and 0.60 million tons (16.78%)
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