Abstract
Three different plants (Solanum indicum, Solanum surattense, and Solanum nigrum) of Solanaceae family were explored to extract and characterize hydrocolloids in aqueous solution. S. indicum fruit fractions bring in maximum hydrocolloid yield of 21.39 ± 0.42% based on % dry weight of the sample. The observed order of extracting hydrocolloid yield amongst investigating aerial parts of S. surattense, S. nigrum, and S. indicum (% dry weight) is fruits > stem > leaves. Maximum protein (22%) and starch (0.85%) contents were observed in fruit fractions of S. nigrum and S. indicum, respectively. Among the functional characteristics, the fruit fraction of S. indicum has higher water-holding capacity (24.80%), oil-holding capacity (2.96%), emulsifying activity (90%), emulsion stability (70%), foaming capacity (65%), and foaming stability (90%). Monosaccharide profiling results showed the presence of glucose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucuronic acid, arabinose, and xylose in extracted fractions. The findings propose that hydrocolloids (extracted with water) are cost-effective and would be potential candidate as a substitute for pectin added into foamy and frothy food products and frothy beverages.
Highlights
Hydrocolloids relate to hemicelluloses, and on hydrolysis, these form many monosaccharides. e major sources of hydrocolloids are higher plants and animals [1] and these are highly demanded in food and pharmaceutical industries
Hydrocolloid Yield of Various Plant Parts. e waterextracted hydrocolloid yield ranged from 1.5 ± 0.02 to 21.00 ± 0.42% of the dry weight of investigated pulp, and no hydrocolloid contents were obtained from the leaf fractions of S. indicum even taking a large amount of extract (Table 1)
Water was used as an extracting medium because the watersoluble polysaccharides have positive effects on health and can reduce the serum cholesterol concentration [7]. e obtained yield of hydrocolloid (Y, % dry weight) from each sample showed that the S. indicum fruit showed the maximum hydrocolloid concentration (21.00 ± 0.42%), Table 1: Hydrocolloid yield and proximate composition (% age ± SD) of aerial parts of S. nigrum, S surattense, and S. indicum using the water extraction method
Summary
Hydrocolloids relate to hemicelluloses, and on hydrolysis, these form many monosaccharides. e major sources of hydrocolloids are higher plants and animals [1] and these are highly demanded in food and pharmaceutical industries. E major sources of hydrocolloids are higher plants and animals [1] and these are highly demanded in food and pharmaceutical industries. E major component of plant hydrocolloid and mucilage is pectin, which is an acidic polysaccharide present in all cell walls and can form gels in the extracellular matrix [5]. In traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries, different hydrocolloids having various physicochemical characteristics are being used as a sweetening agent and diluents in syrups [7]. Gannasin et al [1] reported that the use of tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) hydrocolloid in different food and beverages enhances water- and oil-holding capacities and emulsifying and foaming characteristics, and induces bile acid-
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