Physicochemical and biological analysis of river Yamuna at Palla station from 2009 to 2019

Akshansha Chauhan,Piyush Dua,Yuei-An Liou,Pankaj Joshi,Sudheer Malik

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06900-6

Akshansha Chauhan, Piyush Dua + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06900-6

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Feb 21, 2022
Citations: 10	License type: open-access

Affiliation: National Central University

Abstract

Yamuna is one of the main tributaries of the river Ganga and passes through Delhi, the national capital of India. In the last few years, it is considered one of the most polluted rivers of India. We carried out the analysis for the physiochemical and biological conditions of the river Yamuna based on measurements acquired at Palla station, Delhi during 2009–19. For our analysis, we considered various physicochemical and biological parameters (Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Saturation, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Total Coliform. The water stats of river Yamuna at Palla station were matched with Water Standards of India, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), and World Health Organization (WHO). Maximum changes are observed in DO saturation and total coliform, while BOD and COD values are also seen higher than the upper limits. Total alkalinity rarely meets the minimum standards. TDS is found to be satisfactory as per the standard limit. The river quality falls under Class D or E (IS2296), Class III or IV (UNECE), and fails to fulfill WHO standards for water. After spending more than 130 million USD for the establishment of a large number of effluent treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and common effluent treatment plants, increasing discharges of untreated sewage, partially treated industrial effluents and reduced discharge of freshwater from Hathnikund are causing deterioration in water quality and no major improvements are seen in water quality of river Yamuna.

Highlights

Yamuna is one of the main tributaries of the river Ganga and passes through Delhi, the national capital of India
National Capital Territory (NCT) is held responsible for most polluting river Yamuna, the study reveals that the quality of the river it receives is not admirable
The effect of monsoon season can be seen on parameters like Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and total coliform as their values declined, while Dissolved Oxygen (DO) saturation % showed a significant rise

Summary

Introduction

Yamuna is one of the main tributaries of the river Ganga and passes through Delhi, the national capital of India. It covers a total distance of 1376 km through four major states of India: Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh, and confluences with river Ganga at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. It does not flow through Himachal Pradesh but receives water via the river Tons (which originates in Himachal Pradesh). Almost 85% of the total pollution in the river Yamuna is due to domestic sources mainly from urban cities Sonipat, Panipat, Delhi, Ghaziabad, Mathura, Agra, Etawah, and Prayagraj. State monitoring committee appointed by National Green Tribunal (NGT) 2019 suggested that Haryana discharged 1140 MLD of untreated or partially treated sewage per day into river Yamuna, 1268 industrial units discharged 138.75 MLD partially treated and another 827 units discharged 48.319 MLD of treated effluents per day in Yamuna R iver[13]

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