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Abstract
Groundwater is an important source of freshwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, and hence protecting it against depletion and deterioration is extremely required. Groundwater could get contaminated physically, chemically, or microbiologically. Each type of contamination is linked to different sources and in turn imposes different types of health problems and consequences. A water sample from Bahr Al-Baqar Wastewater drain and 13 groundwater samples were collected for physiochemical and bacteriological analyses to evaluate groundwater contamination in As-Salihiyyah and adjacent areas, east of Nile Delta of Egypt. Nitrate, COD, and BOD values collected from Bahr Al-Baqr drain and groundwater exceeded the Egyptian maximum permissible limit for drinking water (0.5, 6, 10, respectively). The total number of viable microorganisms (TVC) test for Bahr Al-Baqar drain was recorded as more than 300 CFU/mL, and the total coliform recorded 1100 MPN/100ml, indicating high level of contamination. The high count of the TVC (16-↑300 CFU/mL) for groundwater and the total coliform (3 - 1100 MPN/100ml) indicated that groundwater is contaminated and unsafe for drinking and might be affected by Bahr Al-Baqar wastewater drain.
Highlights
Egypt has been facing water scarcity threats due to the steady increase of population in addition to limited water resources
chemical oxygen demands (COD), and biochemical oxygen demands (BOD) values collected from Bahr Al-Baqr drain and groundwater exceeded the Egyptian maximum permissible limit for drinking water (0.5, 6, 10, respectively)
Count (TVC) is a test that is used to estimate the total numbers of live microorganisms that are capable of growing into distinct colonies, such as bacteria, yeast or mould species, that are present in a water sample
Summary
Egypt has been facing water scarcity threats due to the steady increase of population in addition to limited water resources. Several authors studied the groundwater contamination in the area east to the Nile Delta of Egypt, among them; Taha et al (2004) who investigated sources of Pollution to groundwater and the related environmental impacts in the new communities southeast Nile Delta; Mustafa et al (2019) investigated groundwater pollution close to Bahr Al-Baqar drain, and used geochemistry and stable isotopes (δ 18O, δ 2H and δ 15N) which indicated that sewage disposal, mineral fertilizer, and open drains are the main sources of groundwater contamination; Yousra et al (2020) evaluated the contamination of groundwater and Prepared silicomolybdate for the removal of heavy metals from
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