Physicobiochemical Characteristics and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM-MSCs) in Biodegradable Porous Sponge Bovine Cartilage Scaffold.

Agrippina Waya Rahmaning Gusti,Purwati Purwati,Teddy Heri Wardhana,Ferdiansyah Mahyudin,Febrian Brahmana,Dwikora Novembri Utomo

doi:10.1155/2019/8356872

Agrippina Waya Rahmaning Gusti, Purwati Purwati + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8356872

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Journal: International journal of biomaterials	Publication Date: Jan 20, 2019
Citations: 12	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Airlangga University

Abstract

Tissue engineering had been believed to overcome the limitation of cartilage lesions treatment. Nowadays the studies focus on using mesenchymal stem cells in scaffold. A biodegradable porous sponge bovine cartilage scaffold is expected to have the physicobiochemical characterization to promote chondrogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Scaffold from bovine cartilage was printed in 5 mm diameter sponge, categorized into nondecellularized (SBCS) and decellularized (DSBCS). Physical characteristics (pore diameter and interconnectivity) were done using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Biodegradability assessment used Phosphate Buffered Saline in 15, 30, 60 minutes, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 1, 2 weeks. The swelling ratios were counted in 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 360 minutes. Biochemical characteristics were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for type II collagen, aggrecan, and Transforming Growth Factors-β (TGF-β). Data were statistically compared. hBM-MSCs were seeded on both scaffolds. Histological examination used hematoxylin-eosin taken at the 2nd and 4th weeks after seeding. There was no significant difference (p=0.473; p=0.142) on mean porosity 90.07 ± 4.64% vs. 88.93 ± 4.18% and pore diameter 111.83 ± 14.23 μm vs. 105.29 ± 11.14 μm assessment between SBCS and DSBCS groups. Scaffolds from both groups showed pore interconnectivity. DSBCS group had faster biodegradability. SBCS group sweals better. SBCS group contains type II collagen, aggrecan, and TGF-β with mean values 380.78 ± 18.63 ng/ml, 30.71 ± 4.50 ng/ml, and 130.12 ± 7.73 ng/ml, respectively, while DSBCS contained type II collagen, aggrecan, and TGF-β with mean values 64.83 ± 13.54 ng/ml, 8.41 ± 2.38 ng/ml, and 16.39 ± 4.49 ng/ml, respectively. The results were statistically different (p<0.001). Chondrocytes were found within scaffold on the 2nd and 4th weeks. Physicobiochemical characteristic of biodegradable sponge bovine cartilage scaffold promotes chondrogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs.

Highlights

Articular cartilage is a special connective tissue, lining the diarthrodial joint to protect the subchondral bone, providing a smooth, oily surface and facilitating the transmission of loads with a low coefficient of friction in the joints [1, 2].Trauma and degenerative processes may damage articular cartilage, resulting in joint pain which decreases the quality of life and raises the possibility of long-term complications such as osteoarthritis [3, 4]
Cross-sectional examination by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the shape and size of porous in the SBCS group were more homogeneous compared to the DSBCS group which can be seen from Figure 2
The mean level of type II collagen was higher in the SCBS group compared to the DSBCS group

Summary

Introduction

Trauma and degenerative processes may damage articular cartilage, resulting in joint pain which decreases the quality of life and raises the possibility of long-term complications such as osteoarthritis [3, 4]. Osteochondral damage often results in secondary fibrocartilage tissue due International Journal of Biomaterials to an inflammatory response. Surgical therapy option includes arthroscopic lavage and debridement, marrow tapping techniques, abrasion arthroplasty, subchondral drilling, microfracture, osteochondral allo/autografting techniques, autologous cell-based techniques, conventional autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), matrix-induced ACI (MACI), and growth factors injection to genetic-based therapy. Subchondral drilling can cause thermal necrosis, on the other hand, microfracture techniques provide good results, though only limited to patients older than 40 years. Autologous chondrocyte implantation has the disadvantages of multiple surgical procedures, wider surgical wounds, donor site morbidity, and periosteum flap complications such as cell leak, peripheral hypertrophy, and calcification problems that cause a clinical condition of “catching” knee [8]

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