Abstract
Sodium–vanadium oxide NaV3O8 is synthesized via solid-state method and optimum synthesis conditions are chosen based on the data of DSC and TG analysis. The material synthesized is characterized by X-ray phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ratio V4+/V5+ in the sample obtained is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Conductivity of the material synthesized was measured by impedance spectroscopy, pulse potentiometry and DC method over the range RT–570 °C. It is shown that NaV3O8 has rather high conductivity essentially electron in type (6.3 × 10−2 at room temperature). AC and DC conductivity measurements are performed and cycling of symmetricNaV3O8|Na3.85Zr1.85Nb0.15Si3O12|NaV3O8 cell in galvanostatic conditions. Thermal stability is studied across 25–570 °C temperature range. The results obtained are compared with the properties of NaV3O8 produced via aqueous solution.
Highlights
Lithium and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) rank high among electrochemical power sources nowadays, because they deliver high specific energy and the highest working voltage
The results were compared with the characteristics of the material having the same composition but produced by the reaction of NH4VO3 and Na2CO3 in a water solution followed by evaporation and heat treatment at 380 ◦C
The vanadate is thermally stable between the ambient temperature and the temperature of melting; it can be used in appliances operating at elevated temperatures
Summary
Lithium and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) rank high among electrochemical power sources nowadays, because they deliver high specific energy and the highest working voltage. Li belongs to the rare metals, so the possibilities of extending the use of lithium-ion batteries to large equipment for power industry and electric vehicles will be restricted by the low availability of lithium raw materials. In this area, there is currently a lot of interest in developing power sources having characteristics close to those of LIBs but using available low-cost materials. The majority of power sources with alkali-metal anodes use solutions of some inorganic salts in organic liquids as electrolytes Such liquids areusually highly flammable, which creates safety issues due to a potential electrolyte leakage followed by its explosion or ignition. In view of this, designing efficient cathode materials stable at elevated temperatures (~300 ◦C) isone of the basic areas in the development of all-solid-state power sources
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