Abstract
The physico-chemical parameters of Euphrates River water were studied between Heet and Ramadi cities during November 2008 to June 2009. Water were samples collected from eleven stations and analyzed for Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TSS), pH, Total dissolved salts (TDS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Sulphate, Phosphate, Bicarbonates, Chloride, Nitrate and Total hardness. The observed values of these physico-chemical parameters were compared with WHO standards. Some parameters (Turbidity, TSS, TDS, BOD, Calcium, Sodium and Total hardness) exceeded the permissible limits of WHO standards, while other parameters were within the permissible limits. Statistical studies have been carried out by calculating correlation coefficients between different pairs of parameters. Monthly and spatial variations of physico-chemical parameters were investigated.
Highlights
Rivers are vital and vulnerable fresh water systems that are critical for the sustenance of all life
Water were samples collected from eleven stations and analyzed for Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TSS), pH, Total dissolved salts (TDS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Sulphate, Phosphate, Bicarbonates, Chloride, Nitrate and Total hardness
There were higher values of TSS at the downstream sampling stations (S8, S9, S10 & S11). These high values can be interpreted in terms of the effects of untreated sewage water in Ramadi city. pH mean value recorded in this study (8.36) was found within the permissible limit of WHO standards
Summary
Rivers are vital and vulnerable fresh water systems that are critical for the sustenance of all life. The declining quality of the water in these systems threatens their sustainability and is a cause for concern [1]. Increasing water pollution causes the deterioration of water quality, and threatens human health and the balance of aquatic Ecosystems, Economic development and social prosperity [3]. The health of water body is assessed using several Physical, Chemical and Biological parameters [4]. The surface water chemistry of a river at any point reflects several major influences, including the lithology of the basin, atmospheric inputs, Climatic condition, and anthropogenic inputs [5,6]
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