Physico-Chemical and Heavy Metal Profiles of Marine, Borehole and Sea Water

Madu, A N., Uzoma,Agbasi, U M

doi:10.36018/dsiij.v12i0.108

Abstract

The extent of water pollution on some rivers and lagoons within Badagry and its environs in Lagos State Nigeria has been critical analyzedwith respect to the physico-chemical properties of the surface and underground waters and the results show that total dissolved solids for sea water ranged from 4523-4408 ppm, lagoon water 622-1471 ppm and borehole water 250-61 ppm. Total suspended solid for sea water ranged from 422-231 ppm, lagoon water 129-133 ppm and borehole water 41-146 ppm. Salinity values for sea water ranged from 0.3-0.3 ppm, lagoon 0.5-0.3 ppm and borehole water 0.1-0.3 ppm. Methyl orange alkalinity for sea water ranged from 3.5-3.0 ppm, lagoon water 1.1-1.0 ppm and borehole water 0.5-0.8 ppm. Phenolphthalein alkalinity for sea water ranged from 0.4-0.2 ppm, lagoon water 0.2-0.3 ppm and borehole water 0.1-0.2 ppm. Specific gravity for sea water ranged from 16.371-16.407 ppm, lagoon water 15.878-15.673 ppm and borehole water 15.554-15.839 ppm. Heavy metals such as Ca2+ for sea water ranged from 436-427, lagoon water 497-488 and borehole water 345-336. Mg2+ for sea water ranged from 128-136, lagoon water 133-189 and borehole water 112-116. Fe2+ for sea water ranged from 2.546-2.512, lagoon water 2,786-2.869 and borehole water 1.465-1.354. Cu2+ for sea water ranged from 2.84-2.62, lagoon water 3.86-3.86 and borehole water 0.84-0.93. Mn2+ for sea water ranged from 0.756-0.726, lagoon water 1.026-1.022 and borehole water 0.450-0.470. Cr2+ for sea water ranged from 1.07-1.248, lagoon water 1.897-1.957 and borehole water 0.026-0.028. Bio-chemical analysis such as temperature for sea water ranged from 27.5-28.5 ˚C, lagoon water 29.8-28.7 ˚C and borehole water 27.6-27.8 ˚C. pH for sea water ranged from 6.8-6.8, lagoon water 6.9-7.0 and borehole 7.3-7.2. BOD and COD in see water ranged from 754-766; 1876-1833 mg/l respectively, lagoon water 978-986; 1943-1982 mg/l respectively whereas the dissolved oxygen for borehole water ranged from 5.54-5.66 mg/l

Highlights

The extent of water pollution on some rivers and lagoons within Badagry and its environs in Lagos State Nigeria has been critical analyzedwith respect to the physico-chemical properties of the surface and underground waters and the results show that total dissolved solids for sea water ranged from 4523-4408 ppm, lagoon water 622-1471 ppm and borehole water 250-61 ppm
When untreated waste water enters into the demand, taste, odor, color, chlorine demand, surface and ground water resources, serious hardness, alkalinity and biodegradability tests are some of the unique analytical parameters of the water pollution (Mancy, 1971; Henzeet al., 2002)
The water pollution caused by diffused sources like agriculture can be controlled by changing the cropping patterns, tillage particles and advanced farm management practices which do not contaminate the water bodies.Pollution of river bodies has become a major and global problem that is becoming critical in developing nations of the world because of inadequacy or non-existence of surface water quality protection measures and sanitation

Summary

Introduction

The extent of water pollution on some rivers and lagoons within Badagry and its environs in Lagos State Nigeria has been critical analyzedwith respect to the physico-chemical properties of the surface and underground waters and the results show that total dissolved solids for sea water ranged from 4523-4408 ppm, lagoon water 622-1471 ppm and borehole water 250-61 ppm. Some of these parameters are COD and BOD which indicate the amount of organic pollution and water degradation.There are two major sources of water pollutionwhich include the ‘point’ sources and ‘diffused’ sources Point sources are those sources which can be identified at a single location are known as point sources.Minimization ofpollution caused by point sources in all domestic sewage, industrial effluents, cattle field and livestock waste-water etc. Constant assessments of the hydraulic and water quality conditions of receiving water bodies are very critical to effective planning and management.The dissolved oxygen (DO) and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are two useful parameters in tracing pollution profile and natural purification of rivers upon which engineering calculations of permissible pollution loads are based (Fair et al, 1971; Garg, 2006). Acidity is a measure of an aggregate property of water, and which can be interpreted in terms of specific substances only when the chemical composition of the sample is known (American Public Health Association, 1995; Henze, 2002)

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