Abstract
Water is not only essential for drinking but also needed for agriculture and industrial use. However, for safe and sustainable use of water for any sector, its quality is to be ensured. Therefore, the study was carried out for water quality of samples collected from different sites in the Lake periphery as well as in the catchment areas. Groundwater samples were collected from different locations of Sambhar Lake city and its adjoining area for their physico-chemical studies. The standard methods of APHA were used to analysis 8 samples collected from hand pumps, bore wells and tube wells of the specified area. The analytical results show pH varies between 7.4-8.6, Electrical conductivity between 1723 µs/cm-23400 µs/cm, Total hardness between 402.0 mg/l-3657.0 mg/l, Calcium between 103.21 mg/l-943.43 mg/l, Alkalinity between 309.69 mg/l-496.92 mg/l, Chloride between 543.0 mg/l-9926.0 mg/l, Magnesium 35.11 mg/l-316.0 mg/l, Total dissolved solids between 1175 mg/l-14900 mg/l, Sulphate between 117.6 mg/l-943.98 mg/l, Fluoride between 0.69 mg/l-2.01 mg/l, Nitrate between 7.69 mg/l-28.45 mg/l, Iron between 0.19 mg/l-0.42 mg/l, Boron between 0.76 mg/l-1.98 mg/l, Zinc between 0.01 mg/l-0.97 mg/l, Chromium between 0.012 mg/l -0.033 mg/l, Copper between 0.037 mg/l -0.065 mg/l, Manganese between 0.11 mg/l-0.97 mg/l, Lead 0.011 mg/l-0.12 mg/l, Sodium 67.0 mg/l -2312.0 mg/l, Potassium 3.40 mg/l -18.90 mg/l.
Highlights
Groundwater samples were collected from different locations of Sambhar Lake city and its adjoining area for their physico-chemical studies
During the past three decades, because of increased small and large scale industries in the country along with increasing population, there is a pressure on ground water resources1
The character of ground water is the outcome of all the reaction and process that act on the water from the moment, it condenses in the atmosphere to the time, it is discharged by a well7
Summary
During the past three decades, because of increased small and large scale industries in the country along with increasing population, there is a pressure on ground water resources. To know the distribution of solutes in ground water, and the suitability of the groundwater for domestic, agriculture and salt making purpose. The presence of salt Lakes and saline groundwater aggravate the availability of potable water supply for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. The stake holders and general public must be aware about the quality of water being used for different purposes As such the information is important for concerned government officials and policy makers regarding water distribution and its management. In view of ground water use by a large size of population in the area, the present study on ground water quality of adjoining areas of Sambhar Lake was carried out to assess physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity, Total hardness, Total dissolved solids, Calcium, Alkalinity, Chloride, Magnesium, Sulphate, Fluoride, Nitrate, Iron, Boron, Zinc, Chromium, Copper, Manganese, Lead, Sodium, Potassium. The ground water from hand pump (G4, G5) is used for domestic purpose and drinking, tube well (G1,G2,G3,G7,G8) is used for agriculture and bore well (G6) is used for salt making (Fig. 1)
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