Abstract
Enamel demineralization around orthodontic adhesive is a common esthetic concern during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to prepare orthodontic adhesives containing monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) and nisin to enable mineralizing and antibacterial actions. The physicomechanical properties and the inhibition of S. mutans growth of the adhesives with added MCPM (5, 10 wt %) and nisin (5, 10 wt %) were examined. Transbond XT (Trans) was used as the commercial comparison. The adhesive containing a low level of MCPM showed significantly higher monomer conversion (42–62%) than Trans (38%) (p < 0.05). Materials with additives showed lower monomer conversion (p < 0.05), biaxial flexural strength (p < 0.05), and shear bond strength to enamel than those of a control. Additives increased water sorption and solubility of the experimental materials. The addition of MCPM encouraged Ca and P ion release, and the precipitation of calcium phosphate at the bonding interface. The growth of S. mutans in all the groups was comparable (p > 0.05). In conclusion, experimental orthodontic adhesives with additives showed comparable conversion but lesser mechanical properties than the commercial material. The materials showed no antibacterial action, but exhibited ion release and calcium phosphate precipitation. These properties may promote remineralization of the demineralized enamel.
Highlights
The most common complication during fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions around the bracket base
The highest and lowest monomer conversions were obtained from M0N0 (62.2 ± 0.4%)
Factorial analysis indicated that the increase in monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) level from 5 to 10 wt % reduced the degree of monomer conversion by 4 ± 2%, while the effect from rising nisin was negligible
Summary
The most common complication during fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions around the bracket base. The lesions are associated with loss of balance between mineral loss (demineralization) and gain (remineralization) from the acid produced by a dysbiotic biofilm around the fixed appliances [2]. This results in the net demineralization of enamel and subsurface porosities, which appears as whitish lesions. The main limitation of the current resin composite orthodontic adhesives is the lack of remineralizing and antibacterial properties. This may lead to the continuation of tooth demineralization and the progression of carious lesions
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