Physically stimulated carbon black combined cobalt manganese oxide: A pinpoint assessment of dopamine sensor towards human fluids

Abstract

Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating human physiological behavior. When dopamine levels are abnormal, it can lead to significant side effects, highlighting the importance of accurately detecting dopamine concentration. In this study, we employed a straightforward ultrasonic method to incorporate a thermally activated carbon black nanosphere with cobalt manganese oxide (Co2Mn3O8/ACB). We confirmed the successful incorporation of the Co2Mn3O8/ACB nanocomposite through various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Following that, we fabricated the Co2Mn3O8/ACB nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and assessed its suitability as an electrochemical probe for selectively and sensitively detecting DA. Our proposed sensor exhibited exceptional analytical performance for detecting DA, owing to the synergistic effects of highly conductive ACB and Co2Mn3O8. The fabricated sensor displayed a low detection limit of 3.0 nM, a good sensitivity of 2.64 µA µM−1 cm−2, and a wide linear range of 0.01–7.7 µM and 19.2–510.2 µM. These results demonstrate superior performance compared to recently reported investigations. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated outstanding selectivity, storage stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Further tested the sensor's capability to detect DA in human fluids and obtained satisfactory recovery results.