Abstract
AimsTo analyze physical performance and diabetes-related outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) during two semi-competitive football matches utilising precise physical activity monitoring.MethodsThe study was conducted during an annual summer camp for adolescents with T1DM. After physical examination and glycated hemoglobin measurement, 16 adolescent players completed Cooper’s 12-min running test and, in the following days, took part in two football matches while wearing heart rate (HR) monitors coupled with global positioning system (GPS) tracking.ResultsBoth matches were comparable in terms of covered distances, number of sprints, achieved velocities and heart rate responses. During both games, capillary blood lactate increased significantly (Match 1: 1.75 ± 0.16–6.13 ± 1.73 mmol/l; Match 2: 1.77 ± 0.18–3.91 ± 0.63 mmol/l, p = 0.004). No significant differences in blood glucose were observed between the matches (p = 0.83) or over each match (p = 0.78). Clinically significant hypoglycemia (< 54 mg/dl) occurred in two children during the first match. None of the players experienced severe hypoglycemia. Despite similar workloads, players consumed significantly less carbohydrates during Match 2 [median difference: − 20 g (25–75%: − 40 to 0), p = 0.006].ConclusionsHR monitoring and GPS-based tracking can effectively parameterize physical activity during a football match. In T1DM patients, exercise workload and glycemic changes during similar matches are comparable, which provides an opportunity to develop individual recommendations for players with T1DM.
Highlights
Physical activity offers great benefits for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and thanks to advances in pharmacotherapy and implementation of new technological solutions and education, different sports disciplines are becoming more accessible for them
Sporting activities are important for children and adolescents with T1DM, for whom physical activity is an integral element of somatic development [4]
To power up the creation of more effective guidelines, we propose to improve the quality of collected data on physical activity by precise quantification of exercise workloads
Summary
Physical activity offers great benefits for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and thanks to advances in pharmacotherapy and implementation of new technological solutions and education, different sports disciplines are becoming more accessible for them. T1DM patients currently participate in all types of sports activities, even extreme sports [1,2,3]. T1DM patients who engage in long or intensive exercise still face a challenge of high glycemic variability and, more importantly, an increased risk of hypoand sometimes hyperglycemia, which can limit an athlete’s motivation and performance. It is crucial to prevent acute and potentially serious complications of these conditions (severe hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis) to enable T1DM patients to safely participate in sport trainings and competitions. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with modern personal insulin pumps has improved precision of adjusting insulin doses to patients’ physical effort and the use of continuous glucose monitoring systems has provided detailed insight into glucose dynamics, maintaining safety during exercise still requires caregivers’ and patients’ commitment and thoughtful physicians’ advices
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