Abstract
The physical urticarias are those caused by external, physical triggers, such as rubbing or scratching, heat, and cold. Collectively, the physical triggers are the most common identifiable causes in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Included is a discussion of the clinical features, physical testing, mediators, pathophysiology, and treatment of dermographism, cholinergic urticaria, cold urticaria, solar urticaria, delayed pressure urticaria, aquagenic urticaria, localized heat urticaria, and vibratory urticaria.
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