Abstract
Geology is a historical science primarily concerned with the derivation and test of singular descriptive statements. These statements are derived within the context of inferences which invoke general statements methodologically equivalent to the laws of other natural sciences. Geologists suppose that these general statements are consistent with contemporary physical theory and in some cases set out to demonstrate this consistency. Because he presupposes physical theory, the geologist is severely limited in the amount of new theoretical knowledge he can acquire. Previously unsuspected spatial and temporal configurations of events may emerge in the course of historical investigation, but these are already deeply imbued with theoretical significance and are invariably regarded by the geologist as reducible to physical theory.
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