Abstract
In this review the fabrication of porous silicon/magnetic nanocomposite materials and their physical properties are elucidated. Especially the investigation of the presented systems with respect to their magnetic properties is reported. Furthermore the influence of the semiconducting matrix on the properties of the nanocomposites is highlighted. The main focus will be put on silicon used as template-material. In general the nanocomposite systems are fabricated in a two-step process, first by anodization of a silicon wafer to achieve porous silicon structures, and second by electrodeposition of a magnetic material into the pores. The morphology of the porous silicon template offers straight pores, grown perpendicular to the wafer surface. The magnetic nanostructures deposited within the pores lead to specific properties of the composite dependent on their size and shape. Due to their mutual arrangement magnetic coupling between these structures can occur whereas, coupling between adjacent pores depends on the porous silicon morphology. In a first section different types of such template/metal systems are reviewed and second an experimental part follows implying the porous silicon formation as well as the subsequent metal deposition process. Third the magnetic and optical properties of the systems are described. In a forth chapter the influence of the semiconducting matrix on these properties is elucidated and finally some prospects and conclusions are addressed.
Highlights
Due to the miniaturization and integration of numerous microelectronic devices, low dimensional structures are under extensive investigation with respect to a simple and low-cost fabrication process and concerning their specific properties
From our preliminary electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) experiments, we found that Ni-deposits within porous silicon are polycrystalline
PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSION Self-organized porous systems can be used as template for various materials
Summary
Due to the miniaturization and integration of numerous microelectronic devices, low dimensional structures are under extensive investigation with respect to a simple and low-cost fabrication process and concerning their specific properties. Beside lithographic bottom-up or top-down procedures, self-assembled arrangements of nanoparticles are a key-topic in many of today’s research fields. Self-organization of nanoparticles depends strongly on the interactions between them resulting in specific one-, two-, or three-dimensional arrangements. To avoid agglomeration of the particles and to stabilize them in general, they are coated with a surfactant. The kind of surfactant determines the inter-particle interactions and influences the resulting assembly. A further possibility of self-organization of particles is template guided. Porous materials are suitable candidates, whereas in most cases, the templates themselves are formed by selforganization. The pore formation is self-organized, the morphology is tunable in a broad range and even quasi-regular arrangements can be achieved (Rumpf et al, 2010a)
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