Abstract
Black TiO2 and graphene oxide (GO) have attracted intensive attention as an effective catalyst on visible light driven for photodegrading of dyes. In this study, nano-black TiO2 was prepared by a simple hydrogenation of the anatase titanium oxide, and the graphene oxide was prepared by applying the modified Hummers method. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been investigated to find out the optical energy gaps of the treated and nano-black samples. The prepared powders and nanofiber membranes are carefully examined to ensure their single phase and compound structure formation as well as to measure the equivalent crystallite size and particle distributions. The optimum degradation efficiency of malachite green and methylene blue dyes occurred at pH values of 8 and 10, respectively. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) were found to be 74 and 39%, respectively, under visible light after 30min. The degradation efficiency of MG is peaked at pH8 and 20mg of the nano-black TiO2. The stability and flexibility of the nanofibers allow their application in a continuous system and can be reused after several cycles.
Highlights
Black TiO2 and Graphene Oxide (GO) have attracted intensive attention as an effective catalyst on visible light driven for photodegrading of dyes
Afterwards, at the optimum pH value of 8, for malachite green, the degradation efficiency is peaked at 20 mg of the nano-black TiO2 concentration
The nano-black TiO2, GO and the prescribed membranes were successfully synthesized with no secondary phases recorded
Summary
Industrial wastewaters, especially from textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, pulp and paper as well as food processing industries, usually contain large amounts of dye contaminants [1, 2]. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle has been extensively investigated for numerous applications, for example, a white pigment [4], UV absorber in sunscreens [5], photocatalyst for hydrogen generation [6], environmental pollution removal [7, 8] as well as photo-electrochemical sensors [9, 10] It is considered as one of the well-known catalyst as a consequence of its availability, low-cost, non-toxicity and relatively high chemical stability [11, 12]. Dyes are used in both commercial and analytical fields and are biologically and chemically difficult to decompose [7] It is applied as a histological dye, an antifungal drug, a carcinogenic agent, a teratogenic agent, an environmental contaminant, and an antibacterial agent, causing extreme effects in water bodies because it decreases light penetration and leading to a demise of aquatic life [20, 21]. Nanofibers are recyclable which makes this technique in wastewater treatment cheap and green
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