Physical Properties of High-Level Cloud over Land and Ocean from CloudSat–CALIPSO Data

Abstract

Abstract Unlike other cloud types, high-level clouds play an important role, often imposing a warming effect, in the earth–atmosphere radiative energy budget. In this paper, macro- and microphysical characteristics of cirrus clouds, such as their occurrence frequency, geometric scale, water content, and particle size, over northern China (land area, herein called the L area) and the Pacific Ocean (ocean area, herein the O area) are analyzed and compared based on CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) products from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2010. Over both areas, statistical analysis shows that cirrus occurrence approached 33% in summer whereas it was only ~10% in winter, >50% of cirrus cloud thicknesses were in the range of ~(0.25–1.5) km, there were >98% ice particles in high-level clouds, and temperature had a closer linear relationship with ice effective radius (IER) than height. Also, the seasonal difference of this linear relationship is minor over both land and ocean. Comparisons reveal that the mean occurrence frequency, mean cloud thickness, range of cloud-base and cloud-top height, IER, and ice water content of cirrus in summer were generally greater in winter, and greater over the O area than over the L area. However, the relationship between IER and temperature over land is close to that over ocean.