Abstract
The aim of this work was to synthesize carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and produce CMC films from the cellulose of palm bunch and bagasse agricultural waste. The effect of various amounts of H2O2 (0–40% v/v) during delignification on the properties of cellulose, CMC, and CMC films was studied. As the H2O2 content increased, yield and the lignin content of the cellulose from palm bunch and bagasse decreased, whereas lightness (L*) and whiteness index (WI) increased. FTIR confirmed the substitution of a carboxymethyl group on the cellulose structure. A higher degree of substitution of CMC from both sources was found when 20%–30% H2O2 was employed. The trend in the L* and WI values of each CMC and CMC film was related to those values in their respective cellulose. Bleaching each cellulose with 20% H2O2 provided the cellulose with the highest viscosity and the CMC films with the greatest mechanical (higher tensile strength and elongation at break) and soluble attributes, but the lowest water vapor barrier. This evidence indicates that cellulose delignification with H2O2 has a strong effect on the appearance and physical properties of both CMCs.
Highlights
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most important cellulose derivatives
It was found that palm bunch had 29.3% cellulose and 41.5% lignin, while bagasse had 42.5% cellulose and 23.8% lignin
Cellulose extracted from palm bunch and bagasse could be bleached with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )
Summary
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most important cellulose derivatives. A large amount of commercial CMC is used in various applications such as ceramic foam [1], paper [2], textiles [3], Polymers 2020, 12, 1505; doi:10.3390/polym12071505 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymersPolymers 2020, 12, 1505 pharmaceutics [4], food [5], and biodegradable films [6,7]. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most important cellulose derivatives. A large amount of commercial CMC is used in various applications such as ceramic foam [1], paper [2], textiles [3], Polymers 2020, 12, 1505; doi:10.3390/polym12071505 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers. Polymers 2020, 12, 1505 pharmaceutics [4], food [5], and biodegradable films [6,7]. CMC is derived from cellulose, which is non-toxic to human health. Cellulose is commonly found in plant cell walls. It is usually conjunct with hemicellulose and lignin. The variety of plant affects the composition and the cellulose content
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