Physical properties and maximum allowable mass-radius relation of complexity-free compact stellar objects within modified gravity formalism* *The authors MKJ and SKM acknowledge that this work is carried out under TRC Project (BFP/RGP/CBS/22/014). This study is also supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number (PSAU/2024/R/1445). The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific

Abstract

This paper investigates the physical properties and predicted radii of compact stars generated by the Tolman-IV complexity-free model within the background of modified gravity theory, particularly the -gravity theory, under complexity formalism for a spherically symmetric spacetime proposed by L. Herrera [Phys Rev D 97: 044010, 2018]. By solving the resulting set of differential equations, we obtain the explicit forms of the energy-momentum (EM) tensor components, including the density, radial pressure, and tangential pressure. The influence of the parameter χ on various physical properties of the star is thoroughly investigated. The model undergoes a series of rigorous tests to determine its physical relevance. The findings indicate that the model exhibits regularity, stability, and a surface with vanishing pressure. The boundary of this surface is determined by carefully selecting the parameter space. The complexity method employed in gravity offers an interesting approach for developing astrophysical models that are consistent with observable events as demonstrated by recent experiments. In this regard, we use observational data from the GW190814 event, detected by the LIGO and Virgo observatories, to investigate the validity of the Tolman-IV model in gravity. The analysis includes comparing the model's predictions with the observed characteristics of the compact object involved in the merger. In addition, data from two-millisecond pulsars, PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0952-0607, are incorporated to further constrain the theoretical theories. However, we present a diagram depicting the relationship between the total mass and radius of the compact object candidates for different values of χ.