Abstract
Virtual prototyping of illumination optical systems based on ray tracing needs accurate and detailed models of utilized light sources. We present a physical model based on Planck’s radiation law and Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation and apply it to filament lamps. The advantage of our approach is that it generally needs a few parameters and, in addition, is capable of correctly modeling light recycling. The model based on thermodynamics, geometry, material, and electrical properties is widely applicable for any kind of filament lamp. In particular, emission, absorption, and light recycling properties are taken into consideration. The model starts by calculating the one-dimensional temperature distribution in the filament by solving the time dependent heat transfer equation. From this it creates the five-dimensional radiance distribution based on Planck’s law and the emissivity of the filament. Light recycling due to the coiled filament is a significant effect in this type of lamp. The model is validated with high resolution absolute radiance measurements. The model can easily be integrated into a ray-tracing software.
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