Abstract
Ground fissures pose serious hazards to underground, as well as aboveground, structures. In underground railways, which are near ground fissures, the potential for disasters is even higher since tunnels face threats from fissure activities. To determine the interaction between a tunnel and ground fissure in the event of an earthquake, field surveys and data analysis were applied to study the activity and damage caused by the fissure. Shaking table tests and a numerical simulation model were used to understand the dynamic response of the fissure site and tunnel. The fissure site had a clear hanging wall effect, where the acceleration amplification was larger in the hanging wall than that in the footwall both on the surface and at the middle of the fissure site. The zone of influence was also wider in the hanging wall. The acceleration magnification factor increased with the burial depth and peak acceleration of the input earthquake. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) decreased with the burial depth on both sides of the fissure. The greatest PGA coefficient was obtained at the surface of the site. The vertical soil pressure was influenced by the metro tunnel and fissure. The vertical soil pressure was larger in the hanging wall, especially in the zone near the fissure, but was less near the tunnel. The horizontal soil pressure above the tunnel was less than that near the fissure. The results of this study are essential for the safe design of underground railway systems.
Highlights
Ground ssures are a global geological hazard and have been studied since historical times
Monitoring approaches using the integrated global positional system (GPS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) have discovered the activity and development trends of these ground ssures [8]. e formation paradigm of ground ssures has been studied in the past decades. e tectonic dynamics, hydrodynamics, and disaster mechanisms have a close relationship with a ssure’s origin and activity [9]
Research in the Fenwei Basin has revealed that the ground ssure has clear syngenetic fault features. e main ground ssures are the outcrops of an underlying structural rupture, whose location and activity are usually controlled by Complexity underlying faults
Summary
Ground ssures are a global geological hazard and have been studied since historical times. E main ground ssures are the outcrops of an underlying structural rupture, whose location and activity are usually controlled by Complexity underlying faults. Their activity is usually dominated by vertical displacement, i.e., twist and stretch have less influence on activity [9, 10]. Ground fissures have caused serious damage in Xi’an City. Several measures have been taken to avoid and mitigate the negative impacts of ground fissures while designing the railway lines, research is still essential to ensure the safety of the metro in the fissure areas. E metro tunnels and ground fissures are in close proximity to the railway line, i.e., this short distance will influence the safety of the tunnel, especially during earthquakes. To identify the deformation and mechanics of metro tunnels influenced by ground fissures, large-scale physical modeling and numerical simulations have been used to model the underground railways that cross the ground fissure areas. e metro tunnels and ground fissures are in close proximity to the railway line, i.e., this short distance will influence the safety of the tunnel, especially during earthquakes. is study was conducted with the objective of determining the influence that ground fissures have on various factors that affect the design of railway tunnels. e results of this study may help in the effective implementation of ground fissure mitigation technologies for underground railways and other buildings in fissure-prone areas
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