Abstract
The high consumption of natural resources in the industrial sector makes it necessary to implement measures that enable the reuse of the waste generated, seeking to achieve circular economy. This work assesses the viability of an alternative to the use of CEM III B 32.5 R cement in mortars for the internal coating of centrifugally spun cast iron pipes for water piping. The proposal is to reuse the slag generated in the casting process after being finely ground, as an addition mixed with CEM I 52.5 R cement, which is basically Portland clinker. In order to analyse this possibility, an extensive experimental campaign was carried out, including the analysis of the cupola slag (micro-structural and chemical composition, leachates, setting time, vitrification, puzzolanicity and resistance to sulphate) and regarding the mortars (workability and mechanical properties). The experimental programme has shown that the optimum substitution is achieved with a replacement percentage of 20% of the cement, with which similar workability, superior mechanical properties and guaranteed resistance to sulphate attack are obtained. In addition, both economic and environmental savings are achieved by not having to transport or landfill the waste. In addition, the new cement is cheaper than the cement currently used.
Highlights
The changes introduced in the iron and steel manufacturing processes of ferrous alloys have generated, in recent years, new types of industrial waste which, given the unavoidable requirements of sustainability, must be reused as much as possible
Steel slag has recently been the subject of numerous valorisation studies [1,2,3] that have accredited its suitability for different uses depending on its origin and characteristics; these range from being used as a raw material in the production of cement to its use as aggregates for concrete or bituminous mixtures [4,5]
The values obtained are as expected for each type of cement
Summary
The changes introduced in the iron and steel manufacturing processes of ferrous alloys have generated, in recent years, new types of industrial waste which, given the unavoidable requirements of sustainability, must be reused as much as possible. The most commonly used waste is construction and demolition waste [14,15,16,17], there are a large number of studies in which industrial by-products, such as slag, are incorporated as aggregates [2,18] Another of the options proposed to achieve the most environmentally friendly concrete has been to recover waste as fines [17,19,20], even generating recycled concrete cements [21,22]. Sci. 2021, 11, 7029 a sulphate-resistant cement, which is a requirement for use in the internal lining of pipes for water distribution networks
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