Abstract

Purpose Porous implant surface is shown to facilitate bone in-growth and cell attachment, improving overall osteointegration, while providing adequate mechanical integrity. Recently, biodegradable material possessing such superior properties has been the focus with an aim of revolutionizing implant’s design, material and performance. This paper aims to present a comprehensive investigation into the design and development of low elastic modulus porous biodegradable Mg-3Si-5HA composite by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (MA-SPS) technique. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design and development of low elastic modulus porous biodegradable Mg-3Si-5HA composite by MA-SPS technique. As the key alloying elements, HA powders with an appropriate proportion weight 5 and 10 are mixed with the base elemental magnesium (Mg) particles to form the composites of potentially variable porosity and mechanical property. The aim is to investigate the performance of the synthesized composites of Mg-3Si together with HA in terms of mechanical integrity hardness and Young’s moduli corrosion resistance and in-vitro bioactivity. Findings Mechanical and surface characterization results indicate that alloying of Si leads to the formation of fine Mg2 Si eutectic dense structure, hence increasing hardness while reducing the ductility of the composite. On the other hand, the allying of HA in Mg-3Si matrix leads to the formation of structural porosity (5-13 per cent), thus resulting in low Young’s moduli. It is hypothesized that biocompatible phases formed within the composite enhanced the corrosion performance and bio-mechanical integrity of the composite. The degradation rate of Mg-3Si composite was reduced from 2.05 mm/year to 1.19 mm/year by the alloying of HA elements. Moreover, the fabricated composites showed an excellent bioactivity and offered a channel/interface to MG-63 cells for attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Originality/value Overall, the findings suggest that the Mg-3Si-HA composite fabricated by MA and plasma sintering may be considered as a potential biodegradable material for orthopedic application.

Highlights

  • The increased demand of an artificial organ, hard tissue replacements and bone fixation devices led to the design and development of a wide range of new biomaterials

  • Overall, the findings suggest that the Mg-3Si-HA composite fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and plasma sintering may be considered as a potential biodegradable material for orthopedic application

  • The current paper aims to study the synthesis, characterization, corrosion and cell response of Mg- 3Si-HA composite fabricated via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (MA-Spark plasma sintering (SPS)) technique

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Summary

Introduction

The increased demand of an artificial organ, hard tissue replacements and bone fixation devices led to the design and development of a wide range of new biomaterials. Numerous methodology and progressive techniques have been employed to regulate the deterioration rate in a way such that the implant provides adequate mechanical integrity until the complete bone healing (Uddin et al, 2015 and Uddin et al, 2017). This has been a pressing challenge for biomedical engineers and material scientists, aiming to explore the potential solutions to produce implants with the controlled degradation ability.

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