Abstract
The preparation and characterization of biodegradable films based on starch-PVA-nanoclay by solvent casting are reported in this study. The films were prepared with a relation of 3:2 of starch:PVA and nanoclay (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v), and glycerol as plasticizer. The nanoclays before being incorporated in the filmogenic solution of starch-PVA were dispersed in two ways: by magnetic stirring and by sonication. The SEM results suggest that the sonication of nanoclay is necessary to reach a good dispersion along the polymeric matrix. FTIR results of films with 1.0 and 1.5% w/v of sonicated nanoclay suggest a strong interaction of hydrogen bond with the polymeric matrix of starch-PVA. However, the properties of WVP, tensile strength, percentage of elongation at break, and Young’s modulus improved to the film with sonicated nanoclay at 0.5% w/v, while in films with 1.0 and 1.5% w/w these properties were even worse than in film without nanoclay. Nanoclay concentrations higher than 1.0 w/v saturate the polymer matrix, affecting the physicochemical properties. Accordingly, the successful incorporation of nanoclays at 0.5% w/v into the matrix starch-PVA suggests that this film is a good candidate for use as biodegradable packaging.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been a worldwide increase in societal interest in using environmentally friendly plastic materials, which has resulted in an increase in the number of polymers of organic origin being researched and developed
In this study, achira starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (SP) films reinforced with MMT nanoclay were developed in 0.5–1.5% concentrations, with and without ultrasound sonication, obtained by the solvent casting method
Due to the strong interactions between the biopolymeric blend matrix and clay nanoparticles, platelets are more effective when processed in the presence of ultrasound, as verified by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses
Summary
There has been a worldwide increase in societal interest in using environmentally friendly plastic materials, which has resulted in an increase in the number of polymers of organic origin being researched and developed. Biodegradable films based on thermoplastic starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) reinforced with montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) at different proportionAscwcoerrdeindgevteolothpedfo, rpergooceinssge,dnebwy sboilovdeengtrcaadstaibnlge, pwoiltyhmanerdicwmitahtoeuritatlhsewsiutphpimorpt roofved ulmtreacshoaunidc,atloanevdabluaartreietrhpereofpfeecrttioefstahries orenqtuhierepdh.yNsiacnaol-cmlaeycshanreicsaelepnroapsearntiesxcoeflmlenateorpi-tion alfsoarsreainpfoosrscibinlegatlhteersneamtivaetearsiaelsn;vhiroownemveenr,taalnlyidfreieanl dplryocfoesosdtphaactkpargoimngo.tes better dispersion of these nanomaterials must be developed This new knowledge could help in the develop2.mReensut oltfsnew active packaging with mechanical and gas barrier properties that rival syn-. This suggests that the nano-reinforcements in each of the formulated films interact differently in the structural matrix This effect of improvement in the barrier capacity of the materials at low concentrations of nanoclay may be due to better dispersion and structural accommodation of the clay sheets in the polymeric matrix. Whereas when the concentration of MMT is higher, it becomes an excess, acting as an intermolecular free space increasing agent, making it difficult for other sheets in the matrix of the composite polymer is not longer possible, facilitating the passage of gases increasing their permeation
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