Physical Literacy, Physical Activity, and Health Indicators in School-Age Children.

Hilary A.T Caldwell,John Cairney,Maureen J Macdonald,Natascja A Di Cristofaro,Steven R Bray,Brian W Timmons

doi:10.3390/ijerph17155367

Abstract

It has been theorized that physical literacy is associated with physical activity and health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between physical literacy and health, and if this relationship is mediated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Two hundred and twenty-two children (113 girls, 10.7 ± 1.0 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. A physical literacy composite score was computed from measures of PLAYfun, PLAYparent, and PLAYself. Physical activity was measured over seven days with accelerometers, expressed as MVPA (min/day). Health indicators included: body composition (percent body fat), aerobic fitness (treadmill time and 60s heart rate recovery), resting systolic blood pressure, and quality of life. Physical literacy was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with percent body fat (R2 = 0.23), treadmill time (R2 = 0.21), 60 s heart rate recovery (R2 = 0.36), systolic blood pressure (R2 = 0.11), and quality of life (R2 = 0.11). The relationships between physical literacy and aerobic fitness, but not other health indicators, were directly mediated by MVPA. Higher physical literacy in children is associated with favorable health indicators, and the relationships between physical literacy and aerobic fitness were influenced by MVPA. Future work should examine these relationships longitudinally and determine if changes in physical literacy leads to changes in health.

Highlights

Physical literacy is theorized to be the foundation of lifetime physical activity participation and is defined as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and, understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life [1,2,3]
If physical literacy is the gateway to increasing physical activity, physical literacy may be an indirect determinant of health, as increased physical activity is associated with health benefits [6]
In light of the gaps in knowledge, the purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between physical literacy and body composition, fitness, blood pressure, and health-related quality of life, and to determine if these relationships are mediated by physical activity participation in Canadian school-age children (8–13-year-old children)

Summary

Introduction

Physical literacy is theorized to be the foundation of lifetime physical activity participation and is defined as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and, understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life [1,2,3]. This definition of physical literacy includes four interconnected elements (affective, physical, cognitive, and behavioral) that change and adapt across the lifespan [3]. The enthusiasm for physical literacy in physical education, public health, sport, and recreation has out-paced research on this topic [7]

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