Abstract
Network Coding (NC) is a recent technique which is used to improve the transmission data rate and the power efficiency. These goals are obtained by combining data together before transmitting them, resulting to less transmitted data that carry the same amount of information. NC research work over the physical layer and the upper layers are popular and needed to be more investigated. In this paper, we propose a practical system of large-number of connected multi-source network coding (LMSNC), at the physical layer that exploits the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, using the practical and bandwidth-efficient schemes decode-and-forward (DF) and then compare it with Amplify and Forward (AF). The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show the effect of the noise when it cumulates in AF system and how DF is solving this severe default. Moreover, we consider the MSNC for Small-number of connected sources (SMSNC) and the two-way communication setup where two users exchange their information over an intermediate network node (ideally called Base Station), as two reference cases to compare with. With SMSNC, the number of necessary downlink transmissions from the intermediate node to the users is reduced, and thus the throughput is increased. Simulation results obtained using high-performance non-binary turbo codes, based on Partial Unit Memory (PUM) codes (4, 2, 1, 4) and (8, 4, 3, 8); confirm that combining PUM Turbo Code (PUMTC) and NC in the proposed MSNC setup gives almost the same BER performance as that for SMSNC at the small number of processing steps mainly when PUMTC (8, 4, 3, 8) is performed, which is required to retrieve the received coded messages. In the scenario of AF, combining packets results to cumulate the noise, which justifies the reason we decided to increase the number of transmitted coded messages in the network, i.e., the BER performance improves when sending extra coded messages. Finally, the possibility for a trade-off among BER, data rate and the number of transmitted coded messages is shown for LMSNC through graphics and simulation results.
Highlights
Full-duplex, multi-hop communications, where users share their information simultaneously over a wireless radio channel, is becoming a popular communication setup
The bit error rate (BER) performance curves are obtained by simulating transmission of at least 108 bits and that at least 100 frame errors are guarantee to be collected for statistical significance
When the signal amplitude (Amp) is increased from 2 to 10 for PUM Turbo Code (PUMTC) (4, 2, 1, 4) only 0.2 dB and 0.3 dB for AFp and DFp is observed, respectively. This improvement is justified by the performance of the used forward error correction PUMTC where the more iteration results to more corrections and better BER
Summary
Full-duplex, multi-hop communications, where users share their information simultaneously over a wireless radio channel, is becoming a popular communication setup. In [6], channel coding and NC are combined for one-way communication with one intermediate relay node, the scenario in [6] does not show how to solve the problem of cumulative noise. We build upon [11] [12] by providing the framework for exchanging data among large number of connected sources for the proposed decode-and-forward DFp system, using the latest in turbo codes, i.e., non-binary PUMTC, and exploiting the broadcast nature of wireless radio links using NC. Our work in [12] shows that applying PUMTC with NC over specific application such as wireless sensor network is such practical and power efficient design, yet extending the number of users in [12] was not solved when more than two packets are combined.
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