Abstract
Optical fiber communications are essential for all types of long- and short-distance transmissions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the previously presented security risks and, based on measurements, provide the risk level evaluation. The major risk is the possibility of inserting a splitter into the optical distribution network and capturing a portion of the entire spectrum, i.e., all channels in the optical fiber. Another significant security risk is crosstalk on multiplexers in networks with wavelength division multiplexing. The paper covers the macrobend attenuation evaluation of fiber and back-reflection measurements. Based on the measurements, risks were evaluated for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks and, lastly, the paper covers crosstalk measurements of an optomechanical switch. Finally, all individual risks are evaluated according to the severity, and a proposal for risk minimization is provided.
Highlights
Optical networks are considered secure, and data transmission is protected from eavesdropping due to the principle of signal transmission in optical fibers
From the measurement of time needed for splitter insertion, it is clear that the difference between point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks is significant
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption is optional in the gigabit passive optical networks (GPON) network and is often not used, which may lead to attempts at such attacks
Summary
Optical networks are considered secure, and data transmission is protected from eavesdropping due to the principle of signal transmission in optical fibers. Basic methods are generally known [4], but no measurement has yet been made to confirm or refute the possibility of information leakage without disclosure. The paper focuses on verifying the possibility of data leakage using macro bending but does not cover the influence of the fiber bend radius on the attenuation. The splitter insertion method is described as being possible but the practical measurement is lacking. In the paper [9] from Akpan Aniefioks, the author theoretically describes common methods of fiber tapping but without practical verification. The paper provides risk analysis for every measured method and gives comprehensive risk minimization options.
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