Abstract
In this work, well-oriented and homogeneous titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods (NRs) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. In this method, vertically aligned arrays of TiO2 were built on the conductive Fluorine–Tin–Oxide (FTO) glass substrate. Nanoparticles (NRs) of TiO2 showed a tetragonal shape with a square top face, according to the image of the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The TiO2 NRs are polycrystalline, having two phases: rutile and anatase, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The optical properties of a TiO2 nanorods arrays were examined, including transmittance, absorption coefficient, and energy bandgap. An optical energy band gap of 3.18 eV was obtained. According to the photoluminescence emission measurement, the energy bandgap was 3.3 eV. For further study of the optical properties of the TiO2 Nanorods films, reflectance spectrum was used as a function of wavelength to estimate the value of the energy bandgap and its value was 3.45 eV. By comparing the values obtained from the three methods, it is found that they are closely alike, which confirms the formation of the TiO2 nanostructure.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide has been extensively researched over the last few decades for its photovoltaic applications, sensors, photocatalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, integrated circuits, and environmental devices [1,2]
Nanoparticles (NRs) of TiO2 showed a tetragonal shape with a square top face, according to the image of the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM)
Chemical bath deposition (CBD), hydrothermal approach, solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and DC reactive magnetron sputtering are some of the synthetic procedures for generating TiO2 nanorod structures that have been documented [9,10]
Summary
Titanium dioxide has been extensively researched over the last few decades for its photovoltaic applications, sensors, photocatalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, integrated circuits, and environmental devices [1,2]. Its conductivity arises in proportion to the amount of oxygen lost It has a high visible transmission, a high refractive index, and high photocatalytic effectiveness [3]. We'll use a hydrothermal approach to make TiO2 NRs array films on FTO substrates and investigate their optical characteristics. Because of its low cost, quick reaction velocity, and simplicity, hydrothermal synthesis has been considered as a popular method for producing titanium dioxide NRs [19]. Growth Mechanism In general, a hydrothermal approach for the synthesis of TiO2 NRs is carried out in hydrochloric acid (HCl) diluted with deionized water (DI), with Ti (IV) butoxide (TBO) having the structural formula Ti(OCH2CH2CH2CH3) (or [Ti(RO)4]) as a reactant. When the four-fold Ti precursor ([Ti(RO)4]) combines with water, it becomes [Ti(RO)4] [21]
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