Abstract
Undoped as well as (Co, Mn) co-doped Zinc oxides have been effectively developed on glass substrates, taking advantage of the spray pyrolysis procedure. The X-ray diffraction XRD as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have recognized a pure hexagonal wurtzite form of ZnO, and no other collateral phases such as MnO2 or CoO2 have been observed as a result of doping. The calculated values of the texture coefficient (TC) were between 0.15 and 5.14, indicating a dominant orientation along the (002) plane. The crystallite size (D) varies with the (Co, Mn) contents. The dislocation density (δ) as well as the residual microstrains increased after Co and Mn doping. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the films has been affected significantly by the Co and Mn incorporation, as shown by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation. The study of the optical properties exhibits a red shift of the band gap energy (Eg) with the (Co, Mn) co-doping. The magnetic measurements have shown that the undoped and (Co, Mn) co-doped ZnO thin films displayed room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM).
Highlights
Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in ZnO, which is recognized as a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) [1,2,3,4]
A diluted magnetic semiconductor can be achieved through the incorporation of transition-metal (TM) elements including Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, and Mn into a non-magnetic semiconductor
DMS materials have inspired a great deal of academic and industrial research regarding their great potential in several fields, such as optoelectronics, sensors, light emitting diodes (LED), nanoelectronics, photonics, and spintronic devices [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
Summary
Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in ZnO, which is recognized as a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) [1,2,3,4]. The study of the magnetic properties of ZnO material prepared by the sol gel auto-combustion method revealed the absence of ferromagnetism behavior in these samples despite the Mn2+ doping, as reported by Birajdar et al [29]. They exhibit a paramagnetic nature at room temperature. A comprehensive characterization of the structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of the synthesized (Co, Mn) co-doped ZnO nanocrystalline films was performed
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