Abstract
Cognitive frailty is a heterogeneous clinical manifestation characterized by the simultaneous presence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between physical frailty and cognitive function in rural community-dwelling older Korean adults, taking four cognitive domains into account. We carried out a cross-sectional population-based study which enrolled 104 community-dwelling elderly. Physical frailty phenotype, as well as its individual criteria, were used. Cognitive functioning was examined in the four domains of memory, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Demographic data, lipid profile, muscle strength, physical function, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration collected from questionnaire interviews and assessments were included. Of the 104 older adults (77% female), 24.3% were classified as robust, 49.6% as prefrail, and 16.5% as frail. Linear regression analyses showed that the severity of frailty index was associated with four cognitive domains Muscle strength (i.e., Grip strength, Knee extensor and flexor), physical function (i.e., SPPB and Gait speed), and 25[OH]D were associated with poorer cognitive function. Within our population of Korean rural community-dwelling older adults, physical frailty status, muscle strength, physical functions, and biochemical measurements were associated with poorer cognitive function. Synchronicity of physical frailty and cognitive dysfunction may contribute to the negative health-related effects associated with aging.
Highlights
Frailty is considered as an early stage of disability that is amenable to preventive interventions
The International Academy of Nutrition and Aging (IANA) and the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) have summarized cognitive frailty as a heterogeneous clinical manifestation characterized by simultaneous presence of frailty and cognitive impairment (Clinical dementia rating score (CDR) = 0.5) in the absence of dementia characterized by concurrent frailty and potentially reversible cognitive impairment [4]
A significant association was evident between frailty and cognitive function in 104 rural community-dwelling older adults considering four cognitive domains
Summary
Frailty is considered as an early stage of disability that is amenable to preventive interventions. The International Academy of Nutrition and Aging (IANA) and the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) have summarized cognitive frailty as a heterogeneous clinical manifestation characterized by simultaneous presence of frailty and cognitive impairment (Clinical dementia rating score (CDR) = 0.5) in the absence of dementia characterized by concurrent frailty and potentially reversible cognitive impairment [4]. They have emphasized the important role of brain aging in cognitive frailty [2,4]
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