Physical Foundations of Subatomic Attosecond Quantum Technologies for Storing Energy in Materials

Abstract

The article discusses the current development of physical principles of subatomic quantum technologies using ultrashort attosecond energy pulses within the ranges of deep-UV and soft X-ray radiation. It is necessary as a foundation of the process of nondestructive high-capacity reverse energy harvesting using accumulating nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) of supra-atomic scale with linear dimensions of 0.1 nm up to 10 nm and subatomic thickness of boundary interfaces up to 0.1 nm. The article compares the physical principles of up-to-date femtosecond quantum technologies and the prospective attosecond quantum technologies. The latter aims to improve the capacity, controllability, and performance efficiency of quantum energy storages by utilizing quantum electronic excitations of hybrid nature. Harder and shorter by one or two orders of magnitude UV and X-ray impulses are required for attosecond energy storages, unlike the femtosecond ones. Quantum femtochemistry describes the reactions caused by optical spectrum radiation pulses. In the case of attosecond pulses, highly excited quantum entangled subatomic electron pairs demonstrate nonlinear energy pulse accumulation effects. Goldstone condensates of bosonic electron pairs produce boundary shells of compact cavities of a quantum-size NEMS resonator. Hybrid electronic excitations of NEMS are a specific feature of the nonlinear quantum subatomic response of materials to attosecond deep-UV and soft X-ray pulses. The attosecond physics of the processes is the basis for the development of new subatomic attosecond quantum technologies for storing energy in materials.