Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic and molecular profile according to physical fitness status (Low or High VO2max) and its impacts on peripheral and cellular inflammatory responses in healthy men. First (Phase I), inflammatory profile (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) was analyzed at baseline and post-acute exercise sessions performed at low (< 60% VO2max) and high (> 90% VO2max) intensities considering the individual endotoxin concentrations. Next (Phase II), monocyte cell cultures were treated with LPS alone or associated with Rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist drug) to analyze cytokine production and gene expression. Monocyte subsets were also evaluated by flow cytometry. A positive relationship was observed between LPS concentrations and oxygen uptake (VO2max) (r = 0.368; p = 0.007); however, in the post-exercise an inverse correlation was found between LPS variation (Δ%) and VO2max (r = -0.385; p = 0.004). With the low-intensity exercise session, there was inverse correlation between LPS and IL-6 concentrations post-exercise (r = -0.505; p = 0.046) and a positive correlation with IL-10 in the recovery (1 h post) (r = 0.567; p = 0.011), whereas with the high-intensity exercise an inverse correlation was observed with IL-6 at pre-exercise (r = -0.621; p = 0.013) and recovery (r = -0.574; p = 0.016). When monocyte cells were treated with LPS, High VO2max individuals showed higher PPAR-γ gene expression whereas Low VO2max individuals displayed higher IL-10 production. Additionally, higher TLR-4, IKK1, and PGC-1α gene expression were observed in the High VO2max group than Low VO2max individuals. In conclusion, even with elevated endotoxemia, individuals with High VO2max exhibited higher IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood post-acute aerobic exercise and lower IL-10 concentration during recovery (1 h post-exercise). The anti-inflammatory effects linked with exercise training and physical fitness status may be explained by a greater gene expression of IKK1, TLR-4, and PGC-1α, displaying an extremely efficient cellular framework for the PPAR-γ responses.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic and molecular profile according to physical fitness status (Low or High VO2max) and its impacts on peripheral and cellular inflammatory responses in healthy men
We identified a positive relationship between LPS concentration and V O2max, independently of intensities of exercise sessions, as well as an association between LPS and cytokine concentrations, mainly IL-6 and IL-10 post-exercise
High V O2max group exhibited higher PPAR-γ, toll like receptors (TLR)-4, IkappaB kinase 1 (IKK1), and PGC-1α gene expressions and lower IL-10 production in monocytes cell culture after LPS treatment. These results suggest that PPAR-γ pathway is highly expressed in trained individuals and this positive profile may act directly on the exercise-mediated peripheral response
Summary
The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic and molecular profile according to physical fitness status (Low or High VO2max) and its impacts on peripheral and cellular inflammatory responses in healthy men. The anti-inflammatory effects linked with exercise training and physical fitness status may be explained by a greater gene expression of IKK1, TLR-4, and PGC-1α, displaying an extremely efficient cellular framework for the PPAR-γ responses. The signaling pathway that orchestrates the immune response in mononuclear cells, especially monocytes and macrophages, occurs through activation of toll like receptors (TLR) and transcriptional factors, mainly TLR-4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)[4,5]. This environment is favorable for the installation and development of metabolic disorders as obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular diseases, and others[6,7]. The anti-inflammatory phase is marked by the increase of lymphocytes Treg and the microenvironment conversion from pro to anti-inflammatory, given the phenotypic change of macrophages M1 to M2 (anti-inflammatory) and, increased synthesis of IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-13, via PPAR-γ14
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
