Abstract
The effect of physical factors on fish species composition was studied during 12 months inAsa Lake, Nigeria. Fish and water samples were collected bimonthly (March 2003 to February 2004) in the morning. Fish samples were caught with gill nets set at the surface and bottom habitats. There were 11 fish families and 21 species. Osteoglossidae, Anabantidae, Channidae, Schilbedae and Cyprinidae were rare and occurred seasonally in fishermen catches, while Mormyridae, Cichlidae, Mochokidae, Characidae, Bagridae and Clariidae showed less variation and were more common. Characidae and Cichlidae were the most abundant (23.0'and 18.6% respectively) while Osteoglossidae, Channidae and Anabantidae were the least (1.7, 2.1 and 2.3% respectively). Clariidae and Mormyridae had the highest weight with 16.0% and 12.3% respectively, while Anabantidae had the lowest (3.4%). Surface water temperatures were generally higher than air temperatures during the afternoon, except from January to March when air temperatures were high (28.1 to 28.7 degrees C) due to low relative humidity (39 to 70%). In the morning, surface water temperatures (25.5 to 26.3 degrees C) became higher than air temperatures (25.2 to 26.0 degrees C) from May to December, when relative humidity values were also high (50 to 88%). The differences between surface and bottom water temperatures was generally higher (0.7 to 3.1 degrees C; P < 0.05) in the afternoon (0.2 to 0.8 degrees C) due to sunlight. Temperature differences in the surface and bottom waters were usually higher during the dry season (P < 0.05), for similar reasons. Captures were higher in the dry season when the fish concentrated in the warmer, steadier and scarcer water. Minimal and maximal temperatures were different for surface and bottom waters (P < 0.05). However, there were no marked variations in temperature patterns or species distribution.
Highlights
The effect of temperature on the distribution and physiological processes of the flora and fauna of the aquatic environment cannot be over emphasized
This work which examines the fish species composition with the temperature regime of Asa Lake in Ilorin is most recent in the history of the dam
Relative humidity (R.H.) and air temperatures around the dam were obtained from Ilorin International Airport that was just about two kilometers away
Summary
The effect of temperature on the distribution and physiological processes of the flora and fauna of the aquatic environment cannot be over emphasized. Temperature is an important external factor in the early life stages because it has a direct influence on the timing of ontogenetic events (Bagenal, 1978). Movement of plankton and fish is influenced by water temperature and this is usually more pronounced especially in the temperate regions where there is wide variation in the seasonal changes of temperature. There is literature on the fish species distribution and the temperature pattern of some Nigerian inland waters; including Hill and Webb (1958) on Lagoon waters; Imevbore (1975) on Kainji Lake; Adebisi (1981) on Upper Ogun River and Adeniji (1991) on Jebba Lake; Araoye and Owolabi (2005) on Kampe (Omi) dam. The lake constitutes another source of fresh water fish supply to Ilorin and environs to complement the supply from other sources including Kainji, Jebba and Moro lakes
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