Physical exercise practice was positively associated with better dietary practices of aged people during COVID-19 social distance: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

COVID-19 is a respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2. In the absence of effective treatment and vaccines, social distance (SD) is essential to reduce the spread of the virus. However, SD generates several behavioral changes, especially in psychological (i.e., emotions and depressive symptoms) and lifestyle-related parameters (i.e., diet, physical activity, and sleep), and the aged people could be more susceptible to COVID-19 SD-related effects (i.e., loneliness, stress, fear, concerns about life, etc.). As such, we aimed to explore the relationship between lifestyle- (physical exercise practice and sleep quality) and psychological-related factors with the dietary practices derived from the Brazilian National Food Guide of older adult during the COVID-19 SD. A web-based survey was conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected between August and December 2020 (a period of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic). The questions were extracted from validated questionnaires to verify dietary practices (score of adhesion to the food guide for the Brazilian population), sleep quality (by Pittsburgh questionnaire), emotional food-related dimensions (by Three-factor Eating Questionnaire), and depression symptoms (by Beck's questionnaire). Results were from 229 aged people (mean age 66.5±6.02 years old; mean BMI 27.5±4.32kg/m2; mean sleep duration 8.23±1.41h; Pittsburg sleep quality score 6.55±4.83; dietary practice score 42.5±6.47). In the adjusted-linear regression model, we verified that physical exercise practice at home (β=2.179; 95% CI: 0.599 to 3.758; p=0.007) during COVID-19 SD was positively associated with better dietary practices in aged people. In contrast, emotional eating was negatively associated with dietary practices (β=-0.051; 95% CI:-0.092 to - 0.009; p=0.015). We conclude that in aged people, physical exercise practice at home during COVID-19 SD was positively associated with better dietary practices, while emotional eating was negatively associated.