Abstract
The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the metabolism and progression of periodontal disease (PD), induced by ligature in diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ). Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced by four weeks of a hyperlipidic diet associated with a single low-dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg/animal). The exercise groups swam for 60 min/day for eight weeks (five times/week). In the last two weeks of exercise, a ligature was placed around the right and left mandibular first molars. The authors determined alveolar bone loss by morphometry. Blood biochemical profile and serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were evaluated by colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively. The diabetic animals subjected to exercise showed decreased alveolar bone loss, lower glycemia, triacylglycerols and glycosylated hemoglobin levels than the controls. Total cholesterol and its fractions (High density lipoprotein—HDL-c, Low density lipoprotein—LDL-c and Very low density lipoprotein—VLDL-c) remained similar among the groups. Animals with PD showed higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of IL-10, when compared to animals without PD. In diabetic animals with PD, physical exercise decreased TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels as well as the IL10/TNF-α ratio. In conclusion, eight weeks of physical exercise improved glycemic control and systemic inflammatory profile, and attenuated alveolar bone loss in rats with DM and PD.
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized mainly by chronic hyperglycemia in which pancreas beta-cells produces little or no insulin; or insulin resistance (DM type2) [1]
Blood glucose levels and HbA1c were higher in diabetic animals (p < 0.05)
The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-c, low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-c and VLDL-c remained similar among groups (Table 3)
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized mainly by chronic hyperglycemia in which pancreas beta-cells produces little or no insulin (type 1 DM); or insulin resistance (DM type2) [1]. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized mainly by chronic hyperglycemia in which pancreas beta-cells produces little or no insulin (type 1 DM); or insulin resistance It is estimated that over 285 million people worldwide are diabetic, especially type 2 (90%) [2]. Type 2 diabetes incidence is increasing due to the high prevalence of obesity and overweight in both developing and developed countries [3]. Uncompensated diabetic patients commonly exhibit cardiovascular, renal and neural complications and are more prone to develop severe oral diseases, including periodontal disease (PD) [4]. PD is considered the sixth most prevalent comorbidity of DM [6], and a bidirectional relationship exists between both diseases
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