Physical Examination of the Heart

Abstract

There are no clinically applicable graphic methods which will conveniently substitute for careful physical examination of the heart. This examination includes pertinent portions of the general physical examination, inspection of the precordium, palpation of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the chest wall, percussion of the heart border, and auscultation over the heart and great vessels and elsewhere when indicated. Physicians who are aware of the important observations which have resulted from laboratory study of heart sounds and murmurs and precordial movements associated with the heart beat are well equipped to gain skill in the useful technics of physical examination of the heart. The major pitfalls are inexact methods of observation and prematurity of conclusion.