Physical Ergonomics

Abstract

Abstract This chapter focuses solely on the third domain of physical ergonomics (PE), primarily because of its relevance to mechanical engineering and the design of mechanical processes and systems. PE addresses diverse physical characteristics of humans, including anatomical, dimensional, mechanical, and physiological, as they affect physical activity. The chapter provides the fundamental basis of PE, along with its technical foundation and role in the design process, and also provides the summary of key needs motivating PE research and application. It describes several common PE analytical methods. The chapter demonstrates two practical applications of physical ergonomics in design: manual material handling systems and refuse collection. Material handling systems can be generally categorized as positioners (e.g., lift tables, conveyors), used to place or orient objects, and manipulators (articulated arms, hoists), used to move and/or support objects. Several studies have shown that many refuse collectors indeed suffer from musculoskeletal disorders.